Definition of Fiducial Points in the Normal Seismocardiogram
Kasper Sørensen, Samuel E Schmidt, Ask S Jensen, Peter Søgaard, Johannes J Struijk, Kasper Sørensen, Samuel E Schmidt, Ask S Jensen, Peter Søgaard, Johannes J Struijk
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to define fiducial points in the seismocardiogram (SCG) and to correlate them with physiological events identified in ultrasound images. For 45 healthy subjects the SCG and the electrocardiogram (ECG) were recorded simultaneously at rest. Immediately following the SCG and ECG recordings ultrasound images of the heart were also obtained at rest. For all subjects a mean SCG signal was calculated and all fiducial points (peaks and valleys) were identified and labeled in the same way across all signals. Eight physiologic events, including the valve openings and closings, were annotated from ultrasound as well and the fiducial points were correlated with those physiologic events. A total of 42 SCG signals were used in the data analysis. The smallest mean differences (±SD) between the eight events found in the ultrasound images and the fiducial points, together with their correlation coefficients (r) were: atrial systolic onset: -2 (±16) ms, r = 0.75 (p < 0.001); peak atrial inflow: 13 (±19) ms, r = 0.63 (p < 0.001); mitral valve closure: 4 (±11) ms, r = 0.71 (p < 0.01); aortic valve opening: -3 (±11) ms, r = 0.60 (p < 0.001); peak systolic inflow: 13 (±23) ms, r = 0.42 (p < 0.01); aortic valve closure: -5 (±12) ms, r = 0.94 (p < 0.001); mitral valve opening: -7 (±19) ms, r = 0.87 (p < 0.001) and peak early ventricular filling: -18 (±28 ms), r = 0.79 (p < 0.001). In conclusion eight physiologic events characterizeing the cardiac cycle, are associated with reproducible, well-defined fiducial points in the SCG.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare no competing interests.
Figures
References
- Mounsey P. Praecordial ballistocardiography. Br. Heart J. 1957;19:259. doi: 10.1136/hrt.19.2.259.
- Elliott RV, Packard RGAY, Kyrazis DT. Acceleration Ballistocardiography: Design, Construction, and Application of a new instrument. Circulation. 1954;9:281–291. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.9.2.281.
- Bozhenko BS. Seismocardiography–a new method in the study of functional conditions of the heart. Ter. Arkh. 1961;33:55.
- Baevsky R, Egorov A, Kazarian L. Metodika seismokardiografii. Kardiologia. 1964;18:87–89.
- Henderson Y. The mass-movements of the circulation as shown by a recoil curve. Am. J. Physiol. 1905;14:287–298.
- Baevskii, R. M. Physiological methods in astronautics. No. FTD-MT-66-42. FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH, 1966.
- Zanetti J, Salerno D. Seismocardiography: A new technique for recording cardiac vibrations. concept, method, and initial observations. J. Cardiovasc. Technol. 1990;9:111–118.
- Zanetti, J. M. & Tavakolian, K. Seismocardiography: Past, Present and Future. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE. 7004–7007 (2013).
- Inan O, et al. Ballistocardiography and Seismocardiography: A Review of Recent Advances. IEEE J. Biomed. Heal. Informatics. 2014;PP:1–1.
- Wilson RA, Bamrah VS, Lindsay J, Schwaiger M, Morganroth J. Diagnostic accuracy of seismocardiography compared with electrocardiography for the anatomic and physiologic diagnosis of coronary artery disease during exercise testing. Am. J. Cardiol. 1993;71:536–545. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(93)90508-A.
- Di Rienzo, M. et al. A wearable system for the seismocardiogram assessment in daily life conditions. Proc. Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc. EMBS, 4263–4266, 10.1109/IEMBS.2011.6091058 (2011).
- Di Rienzo M, et al. Wearable seismocardiography: Towards a beat-by-beat assessment of cardiac mechanics in ambulant subjects. Auton. Neurosci. Basic Clin. 2013;178:50–59. doi: 10.1016/j.autneu.2013.04.005.
- Tavakolian, K. Characterization and analysis of seismocardiogram for estimation of hemodynamic parameters. (Applied Science: School of Engineering Science, 2010).
- Zanetti, J. M., Poliac, M. O. & Crow, R. S. Seismocardiography: waveform identification and noise analysis. Computers in Cardiology 1991, Proceedings. 49–52 (1991).
- Zanetti, J. M. & Salerno, D. M. Seismocardiography: a technique for recording precordial acceleration. Computer-Based Medical Systems. Proceedings of the Fourth Annual IEEE Symposium 4–9 (1991).
- Khosrow-Khavar F, et al. Automatic Annotation of Seismocardiogram with High Frequency Precordial Accelerations. IEEE J. Biomed. Heal. informatics. 2014;2194:1428–1434.
- Yang C, Tavassolian N. Pulse Transit Time Measurement Using Seismocardiogram, Photoplethysmogram, and Acoustic Recordings: Evaluation and Comparison. IEEE J. Biomed. Heal. Informatics. 2017;2194:1–1.
- Mukkamala R, et al. Toward ubiquitous blood pressure monitoring via pulse transit time: theory and practice. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 2015;62:1879–1901. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2015.2441951.
- Di Rienzo, M., Vaini, E. & Lombardi, P. Use of seismocardiogram for the beat-to-beat assessment of the Pulse Transit Time: A pilot study. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE 7184–7187 (2015).
- Soerensen K, et al. Challenges in Using Seismocardiography for Blood Pressure Monitoring. Computing in Cardiology. 2017;44:1.
- Crow RS, Hannan P, Jacobs D, Hedquist L, Salerno DM. Relationship between seismocardiogram and echocardiogram for events in the cardiac cycle. Am. J. noninvasive Cardiol. 1994;8:39–46. doi: 10.1159/000470156.
- Jensen, A. S. et al. Effects of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy on the First Heart Sound Energy. 29–32 (2014).
- Bulwer, B. & Rivero, J. Echocardiography Pocket Guide: The Transthoracic Examination (Echocardiography Pocket Guides). (Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 2010).
- Otto, Catherine M. Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography: Expert Consult - Online and Print, 4e. (Saunders, 2009).
- Biering-Sørensen T, et al. Cardiac time intervals by tissue doppler imaging M-mode: Normal values and association with established echocardiographic and invasive measures of systolic and diastolic function. PLoS One. 2016;11:1–14.
- Piras, P. et al. Homeostatic Left Heart integration and disintegration links atrio-ventricular covariations dyshomeostasis in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. 7, 6257 (2017).
- Piras, P. et al. Left Atrial trajectory impairment in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy disclosed by Geometric Morphometrics and Parallel Transport. 6, 34906 (2016).
Source: PubMed