Brain activation patterns in medicated versus medication-naïve adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder during fMRI tasks of motor inhibition and cognitive switching

Jatta Berberat, Ruth Huggenberger, Margherita Montali, Philipp Gruber, Achmed Pircher, Karl-Olof Lövblad, Hanspeter E Killer, Luca Remonda, Jatta Berberat, Ruth Huggenberger, Margherita Montali, Philipp Gruber, Achmed Pircher, Karl-Olof Lövblad, Hanspeter E Killer, Luca Remonda

Abstract

Background: Adult-attention-deficit-hyperactive-disorder (ADHD) is often unrecognized condition. FMRI examination along with neuropsychological testing might strengthen the diagnosis. We hypothesized that ADHD-adults with and without medication would show different fMRI pattern compared to healthy controls while testing tasks of motor inhibition and cognitive switching.

Methods: 45 subjects in three age-matched groups: (1) controls, (2) ADHD-adults under medication (ADHD+) and (3) medication-naïve adults with ADHD (ADHD-) underwent fMRI and neuropsychological testing. Group analysis and population-based statistics were performed.

Results: DTVP-A, intellectual ability as well as attention capability, visual-perceptual and visual-motor abilities showed no significant differences between the groups. However, fMRI revealed statistically significant differences between the ADHD+, ADHD- and control groups on tasks of motor inhibition and cognitive switching on adults in bilateral fronto-striatal brain regions, inferior fronto-frontal, fronto-cingulate and fronto-parietal networks as well as in the parietal lobe (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: fMRI offers the potential to differentiate between the ADHD+, ADHD- and control groups. FMRI possibly opens a new window for monitoring the therapeutic effect of ADHD medication.

Trial registration: NCT02578342, registered at August 2015 to clinical trial registry ( https://ichgcp.net/clinical-trials-registry/NCT02578342 ).

Keywords: ADHD; Adults; Diagnosis; Functional MRI; Neuroimaging.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
fMRI scan showing statistically significant activation (p < 0.05) over the whole brain by pooled data of controls, ADHD+ and ADHD− groups on Go/No-Go task
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
fMRI scan showing statistically significant activation (p < 0.05) over the whole brain by pooled data of controls, ADHD+ and ADHD− groups on Stop task
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
fMRI scan showing statistically significant activation (p < 0.05) over the whole brain by pooled data of controls, ADHD+ and ADHD− groups on Switch task
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Group comparison based on RFX analysis on Go/No-Go task, Stop task and Switch task

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Source: PubMed

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