Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in Upwardly Mobile Blacks and Whites

February 17, 2016 updated by: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
To evaluate the relation between blood pressure and socioeconomic status, electrolyte intake, obesity and psychosocial factors in Black and white students. Also, to compare blood pressure, cardiovascular risk factors, sodium and potassium excretion in United States Blacks with West African Blacks.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Detailed Description

BACKGROUND:

Hypertension related diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality among United States Blacks. Among Blacks and whites, lower levels of education are associated with higher levels of blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease mortality. High levels of blood pressure in United States Blacks compared to United States whites persist even after controlling for education. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that individuals living in the southeastern part of the United States continue to have higher stroke and coronary heart disease mortality rates than those living in most other areas of the United States. The number of upwardly mobile Blacks, based on education and occupation, has been increasing in the United States yet relatively little is known about the relationships of improvements in socioeconomic status and cardiovascular risk factors, particularly blood pressure. In Africa, for over four decades, hypertension has been regarded as a rare disease among the Black Africans. However, recent evidence from hospital and community based populations suggests that hypertension is the most prevalent cardiovascular disease among Africans and constitutes a major public health problem, particularly in West Africa. Furthermore, stroke is an increasing health problem.

DESIGN NARRATIVE:

In this longitudinal study, the United States students were recruited and followed annually for three years. The African students were followed for two years. At the initial clinic visit blood pressure, heart rate and anthropometric measurements were obtained and questionnaires completed concerning socioeconomic status, family and medical history, dietary practices, and smoking and drinking habits. One out of every four students had blood pressure measurements reassessed. Each participant collected an overnight urine sample for analysis of sodium and potassium. Fifty percent of the population wore a physical activity monitor for two days. Approximately ten percent of the students' families were studied to validate the hypertensive status and medical history of the parent as reported by the students and to assess known cardiovascular risk factors including obesity, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, and behavioral factors. Univariate analyses were conducted to assess the association between the dependent variable of blood pressure and each of the independent variables including age, body mass index, height, sodium and potassium. T-tests were used to analyze the dichotomous variables such as sex, race, and geographic location. Stratification was used to examine blood pressure levels for Blacks and whites by socioeconomic status. Multiple regression models were used to determine whether physiological or psychosocial variables were more predictive of cardiovascular risk.

The study completion date listed in this record was obtained from the "End Date" entered in the Protocol Registration and Results System (PRS) record.

Study Type

Observational

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

No older than 100 years (Child, Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

Male

Description

No eligibility criteria

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)

Publications and helpful links

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General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

July 1, 1985

Study Completion (Actual)

June 1, 1990

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

May 25, 2000

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 25, 2000

First Posted (Estimate)

May 26, 2000

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

February 18, 2016

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 17, 2016

Last Verified

May 1, 2000

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 1052
  • R29HL039788 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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