An Integrated Care Model for Improving Hepatitis C Virus Patient Outcomes (HCV)
An Integrated Care Model for Improving HCV Patient Outcomes
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
Impact for Veterans: Treatments are available that can often eliminate the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in infected veterans, resulting in increased life expectancy and quality of life. However, many veterans do not get treated or fail treatment because of a variety of factors. Using a new protocol-based model of care that centers around integrating psychiatric care and case management into VA HCV clinics, it may be possible to increase treatment rates, improve rates of sustained viral response (SVR), and improve health outcomes for veterans with hepatitis C.
Background: The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among VA patients is 3x higher than in the general population. VA patients with HCV have characteristics linked to increased risk for progression to cirrhosis, such as male sex, high body mass index, tobacco or marijuana use, and a history of heavy alcohol use. Antiviral treatment is the only evidence-based treatment that has been shown to eradicate the HCV virus and reduce the progression of liver fibrosis. However, recent VA data indicate that only about 14% of all HCV-infected VA patients have ever received antiviral therapy. Barriers to receiving antiviral treatment include factors such as pre-existing psychiatric illness, ongoing substance abuse, and other medical co-morbidity. Patients with psychiatric and substance use histories have benefitted from an integrated care approach to HCV care, but a more rigorous study design is required to demonstrate effectiveness.
Primary Objective: To determine the effectiveness of a protocol-based integrated care model for increasing treatment rates and the number of patients with successful antiviral treatment as measured by an increase in percentage of all new HCV patients achieving a sustained virologic response (SVR). We hypothesize that this model will increase the proportion of patients who are fully evaluated for treatment, who initiate treatment, and who complete treatment compared with patients that receive usual care. Secondary Objectives: Assess the effects of an integrated care model on patient involvement in care (appointment attendance) and PROs (substance abuse, depression, anxiety). We hypothesize that veterans managed with the integrated care model will have better attendance at HCV clinic appointments, have improved rates of drug and alcohol abstinence, and fewer psychological symptoms.
Project Methods: The intervention is an integrated clinical care model developed and initially studied at the Minneapolis VA HCV Clinic. The preliminary study found that integrated care resulted in higher treatment rates, higher SVRs, reduced substance use, and improved psychological functioning. Thus, we will use a more rigorous randomized design to study the effectiveness of this intervention at 3 major VA medical centers. All clinic patients will be screened for depression, anxiety, PTSD, or recent SUDs and all patients that screen positive on 1 or more of these measures will be asked to participate. Preliminary data suggest that 85% of HCV clinic patients screen positive on at least one measure. Eligible patients will be randomized to either usual or integrated care at each site. The integrated care intervention follows a manualized protocol consisting of a series of brief intervention tailored to the patients' main barriers to treatment along with a case management approach in which the integrated care mental health provider actively tracks each patients progress through the evaluation and treatment process. The integrated care mental health provider can be a clinical nurse specialist, psychologist, or licensed clinical social worker that has experience and training in the provision of psychiatric and SUD interventions. They will receive additional training on the integrated care protocol. Data will be collected at baseline, pre-treatment, and post-treatment intervals. Clinical data will be obtained from VA medical records by the study coordinator at each site. PROs will be assessed using validated measures. Data will be analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) techniques.
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
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California
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Palo Alto, California, United States, 94304-1290
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System (154C)
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San Diego, California, United States, 92161
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego
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New York
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Bronx, New York, United States, 10468
- VA Medical Center, Bronx
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Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Chronic hepatitis C. This is defined as the documentation of the presence of circulating hepatitis C virus by a positive hepatitis C Polymerase Chain Reaction test that is compatible with chronic hepatitis. (Note: no requirement is made for the presence of abnormal liver function tests).
- Patients may be treatment na ve or have received and failed prior antiviral treatment.
- Age 18-75 years.
- Patient must be able to give informed consent.
- All antiviral treatments are administered according to accept standards of care at each site, with appropriate pre-treatment evaluation and on-treatment management and precautions. Liver biopsies are an accepted standard of care for patients with chronic hepatitis C and are obtained as clinically indicated.
- Patients must meet screening criteria for "high risk" for mental health and substance use problems. "High risk HCV patient" is defined as a patient with Beck Depression Inventory-II>10 at screening; active drug use indicated by positive urine screen, self-reported use within 6 months on drug use questionnaire or AUDIT-C test >4, or positive PTSD screen.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Patient unable or unwilling to participate.
- Decompensated liver disease, with active or recent encephalopathy, variceal bleeding, or ascites or CHILD-PUGH class B or C. (Note: patients with a history of decompensated cirrhosis in the past with resolution who are otherwise antiviral treatment candidates in the opinion of the treating physician will be considered candidates.)
- Other significant near term life-threatening diseases (malignancy, unstable angina, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, etc.)
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: None (Open Label)
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
|---|---|
|
Experimental: Integrated Care Model
Integrated Care
|
The integrated care intervention follows a manualized protocol consisting of a series of brief intervention tailored to the patients' main barriers to treatment along with a case management approach in which the integrated care mental health provider actively tracks each patients progress through the evaluation and treatment process.
The integrated care mental health provider can be a clinical nurse specialist, psychologist, or licensed clinical social worker that has experience and training in the provision of psychiatric and SUD interventions.
They will receive additional training on the integrated care protocol.
Data will be collected at baseline, pre-treatment, and post-treatment intervals.
|
|
Experimental: Usual Care Model
Usual Care
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
|
Sustained Virologic Response Rates
Time Frame: 12-24 weeks post-treatment
|
Virus not detected by PCR assay
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12-24 weeks post-treatment
|
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
|
Antiviral Treatment Rate
Time Frame: 12-24 weeks post-treatment
|
Number of patients started antiviral treatment
|
12-24 weeks post-treatment
|
Collaborators and Investigators
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Samuel B Ho, MD, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego
Publications and helpful links
General Publications
- Groessl EJ, Sklar M, Cheung RC, Brau N, Ho SB. Increasing antiviral treatment through integrated hepatitis C care: a randomized multicenter trial. Contemp Clin Trials. 2013 Jul;35(2):97-107. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2013.05.002. Epub 2013 May 10.
- Ho SB, Brau N, Cheung R, Liu L, Sanchez C, Sklar M, Phelps TE, Marcus SG, Wasil MM, Tisi A, Huynh L, Robinson SK, Gifford AL, Asch SM, Groessl EJ. Integrated Care Increases Treatment and Improves Outcomes of Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Psychiatric Illness or Substance Abuse. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Nov;13(11):2005-14.e1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.02.022. Epub 2015 Feb 24.
- Groessl EJ, Liu L, Sklar M, Ho SB. HCV Integrated Care: A Randomized Trial to Increase Treatment Initiation and SVR with Direct Acting Antivirals. Int J Hepatol. 2017;2017:5834182. doi: 10.1155/2017/5834182. Epub 2017 Jul 27.
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start
Primary Completion (Actual)
Study Completion (Actual)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Estimate)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Estimate)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- IIR 07-101
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