Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training in Elders

Respiratory Muscle Training in the Elderly: a Strategy for Preservation of Inspiratory and Expiratory Pressures Impacting on Mobility and Thickness of the Diaphragm.

Aging causes anatomical and physiological changes in the respiratory system and respiratory muscle strength with decline in its maximum function. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of inspiratory muscle training on respiratory muscle strength, thickness of the diaphragm and diaphragmatic mobility in older women. The investigators' hypothesis is that inspiratory muscle training improves respiratory muscle strength, the thickness of the diaphragm and diaphragmatic mobility in older women.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Muscular Atrophy; Aging; Sensitivity Training Groups
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Inspiratory muscle training; Other: Training sham

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 22
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Brazil
  • Pernambuco
    • Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
      • Federal University of Pernambuco

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 60 years to 80 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Elderly women are able to walk without aid and cognitive integrity.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Participation in other training or rehabilitation protocol;
• Contraindication or difficult to perform the evaluation;
• Difficulty adapting or adherence in training protocol;
• Smoking;
• Hemodynamic instability;
• Degenerative neuromuscular disease;
• Pulmonary comorbidities;
• Heart disease;
• Users of drugs that interfere in bone metabolism or muscle strength.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Inspiratory muscle training; Inspiratory muscle training for 8 weeks using a device that provides a linear resistance in the inspiratory phase. 7 days a week. 8 sets of 2 minutes twice a day. Intensity was at 40% of Maximal Inspiratory Pressure.	Other: Inspiratory muscle training; Other Names: respiratory muscle training
Sham Comparator: Training sham; Training sham for 8 weeks using a device without provides resistance. 7 days a week. 8 sets of 2 minutes twice a day. Intensity was canceled.	Other: Training sham; Conducting fake training with the aim of blind the control group

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
respiratory muscle strength	Change from Baseline Respiratory Muscle Strength at 2 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Diafragmatic excursion and thickness of the diaphragm in the zone of apposition by ultrasonography	Ultrasound was used to evaluate diaphragm thickness non-invasively in the zone of apposition during tidal breathing and with changes in lung volume. During respiration to total lung capacity, measurement of the diafragmatic excursion was made by ultrasonography.	Change from Baseline Diafragmatic Excursion and Thickness of the Diaphragm at 2 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Universidade Federal de Pernambuco

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Testa A, Soldati G, Giannuzzi R, Berardi S, Portale G, Gentiloni Silveri N. Ultrasound M-mode assessment of diaphragmatic kinetics by anterior transverse scanning in healthy subjects. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2011 Jan;37(1):44-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2010.10.004.
• Ueki J, De Bruin PF, Pride NB. In vivo assessment of diaphragm contraction by ultrasound in normal subjects. Thorax. 1995 Nov;50(11):1157-61. doi: 10.1136/thx.50.11.1157.
• Enright SJ, Unnithan VB, Heward C, Withnall L, Davies DH. Effect of high-intensity inspiratory muscle training on lung volumes, diaphragm thickness, and exercise capacity in subjects who are healthy. Phys Ther. 2006 Mar;86(3):345-54.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: January 1, 2012
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 1, 2012
• Study Completion (Actual): December 1, 2012

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 6, 2013
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 9, 2013
• First Posted (Estimate): February 13, 2013

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): February 13, 2013
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 9, 2013
• Last Verified: February 1, 2013

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Aged; Breathing exercises
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Nervous System Diseases; Neurologic Manifestations; Neuromuscular Manifestations; Pathological Conditions, Anatomical; Atrophy; Muscular Atrophy
• Other Study ID Numbers: IMT in elders