Impact of Two Recall Intervals on Dental Caries Incidence, Anxiety and Quality of Life of Preschool Children

April 17, 2019 updated by: Gabriela Oliveira Berti, University of Sao Paulo

Impact of Two Recall Intervals Associated to Oral Health Counseling on Dental Caries Incidence, Anxiety and Quality of Life of Preschool Children With Low and Moderate Caries Risk: Randomized Clinical Trial

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of two recall intervals on dental caries incidence (primary outcome) in preschool children with low and moderate caries risk. The level of anxiety, oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL), time and cost (secondary outcomes) according to each interval will also be assessed. Methods: The sample will consist of 224 children between 3-5 years of age, of both genders, with low and moderate caries risk according to the clinical criteria adapted from the Secretary of Health of São Paulo. Children will be randomly allocated into two study groups: Group 1 (G1) - oral clinical examination + orientation for oral health and diet on the recall of 12 months; and Group 2 (G2) - oral clinical examination + orientation for oral health and diet on the recall of 18 months.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

An examiner calibrated and blinded to the study groups and the secondary outcomes will perform the clinical examinations, which consist of: the gingival bleeding index, dental plaque index, detection of caries and its activity according to the ICDAS (International Caries Detection and Assessment System) and the clinical features of active and inactive caries lesions will be associated with the criteria discribed in ICDAS Commitee manual. An external dentist will conduct the assessment of the anxiety levels assessed by the Facial Image Scale, the OHRQoL measured by B-ECOHIS (Brazilian Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale), the time and costs. All groups will be followed for a period of 36 months. All analyzes will be performed with the intention of treatment (ITT) and considering the sensitivity analyzes to assess the differences between the ITT analyzes and the complete cases analyzes.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

224

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Brazil
      • São Paulo, Brazil, 05508-000
        • Dental School of University of São Paulo

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

3 years to 5 years (Child)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Children between 3-5 years of age, of both genders, with low and moderate caries risk according to the clinical criteria adapted from the Secretary of Health of São Paulo.
  • Guardians who have signed the informed consent confirming their participation and their child in research.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Children showing visible dental plaque and gingivitis in baseline.
  • Children showing more than 08 active and/or inactive caries cavitated surfaces, and who show fistula and/or dental abscess.
  • Special patients.
  • Children who received professional application of fluoride in the 6 months prior to the survey.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Other: Group 1 - Recall Interval of 12 months

Oral clinical conditions:

Caries incidence assessment dental anxiety assessment oral health related quality of life assessment time and costs assessment
Procedure: Oral clinical conditions
Caries incidence assessment dental anxiety assessment oral health related quality of life assessment time and costs assessment
Other Names:
  • dental anxiety
  • oral health related quality of life
  • time and costs
  • Caries incidence
Other: Group 2 - Recall Interval of 18 months

Oral clinical conditions:

Caries incidence assessment dental anxiety assessment oral health related quality of life assessment time and costs assessment
Procedure: Oral clinical conditions
Caries incidence assessment dental anxiety assessment oral health related quality of life assessment time and costs assessment
Other Names:
  • dental anxiety
  • oral health related quality of life
  • time and costs
  • Caries incidence

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Dental caries incidence - Change
Time Frame: Baseline, 12 months and 18 months
Dental caries will be assessed using the ICDAS criteria (Ismail AI, Sohn W, Tellez M, Amaya A, Sen A, Hasson H, et al. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS): an integrated system for measuring dental caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2007; 35: 170-8).
Baseline, 12 months and 18 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Level of anxiety - Change
Time Frame: Baseline, 12 months and 18 months
Level of anxiety will be assessed using the Facial Image Scale (Buchanan H, Niven N. Validation of a facial image scale to assess child dental anxiety. Int J Paediatr Dent 2002;12:47-52).
Baseline, 12 months and 18 months
Oral health related quality of life - Change
Time Frame: Baseline, 12 months and 18 months
Oral health related quality of life will be assessed using the Brazilian validation of the ECOHIS (Scarpelli AC, Oliveira BH, Tesch FC, Leão AT, Pordeus IA, Paiva SM. Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS). BMC Oral Health. 2011; 11:19).
Baseline, 12 months and 18 months
Time
Time Frame: Baseline, 12 months and 18 months
The time in minutes, used in the recall interval visits, will be recorded in four categories: time spent on clinical examination including prophylaxis, hygiene and diet orientations, and time spent when the patient miss the recall visit. The total time will correspond to the sum of these categories.
Baseline, 12 months and 18 months
Costs
Time Frame: Baseline, 12 months and 18 months
Costs in real (continuous variable) will be recorded in two categories: salary of the dentist and dental assistant paid in public dental services in São Paulo, cost of dental materials/products used in the appointment.
Baseline, 12 months and 18 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

University of Sao Paulo

Investigators

  • Study Chair: Marcelo Bönecker, Professor, University of Sao Paulo

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

March 1, 2015

Primary Completion (Actual)

March 1, 2018

Study Completion (Actual)

March 1, 2018

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

September 3, 2014

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

October 8, 2014

First Posted (Estimate)

October 13, 2014

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

April 18, 2019

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 17, 2019

Last Verified

June 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 7709191

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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