Swiss Army Physical Fitness Training (SAFT)

Swiss Army Physical Fitness Training - An Intervention Study Investigating the Influence of the Swiss Armed Forces' New Sport Concept on Physical and Psychological Parameters of the Recruits

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the new sport concept of the Swiss Armed Forces influences the physical and psychological fitness of the recruits.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Wounds and Injuries; Physical Activity; Motor Activity; Motivation; Mood (Psychological Function)
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Swiss Army Physical Fitness Training

Detailed Description

The physical and psychological demands in the Swiss Army basic military service are high. Injury incidences in Swiss Army training schools are higher than in armed forces of other countries.There is evidence that progressive loading of physical demands at the beginning of basic military service and specific physical training can reduce injury incidences and attrition rates. A new sport concept by the Swiss Army takes into account these results of previous studies. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the influences of this new sport concept on the physical and psychological fitness as well as on the injury and attrition rates of the recruits.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 722
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Switzerland
  • Bern
    • Wangen an der Aare, Bern, Switzerland, 3380
      • Casern of the Swiss Army rescue training school 75

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 25 years (ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Recruits of the Swiss Army rescue training schools 75 2/2015 and 3/2015

Exclusion Criteria:

• None

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: PREVENTION
• Allocation: NON_RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: NONE

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Swiss Army Physical Fitness Training; Sport according to the new sport concept ("Swiss Army Physical Fitness Training") of the Swiss Armed Forces	Other: Swiss Army Physical Fitness Training; 2 x 90 minutes strength training and sport games and 2 x 30 minutes endurance training per week during 18 weeks of basic military training
No Intervention: Traditional Sport Concept; Sport according to the traditional sport concept of the Swiss Armed Forces

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Participants With Injuries	All injuries which are registered in the patient's medical record are collected and classified. A classification system which takes into account anatomical site, circumstances of the accident, and severity of the injury is used.	During the basic military training (18 weeks)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Physical Fitness Measured With the Swiss Physical Fitness Test Battery (SPFTB)	Physical Fitness is measured with the Swiss physical fitness test battery (SPFTB). The SPFTB contains a progressive endurance run, a trunk muscle strength test, a standing long jump, a seated shot put, and a one-leg standing test. From the results of those performance tests (0 to 25 points each), a total fitness score is calculated (sum of all points). The minimum total score (worst result) is 0 points, the maximum total score (best result) is 125 points. A detailed description of the SPFTB can be found in the publication of Wyss, Marti, Rossi, Kohler and Mäder (2007).	Weeks 2, 10 and 16 of the basic military training
Psychological Questionnaires	2 questionaires concerning resilience were used: The Resilience Scale 11 (Schumacher, Leppert, Gunzelmann, Strauss & Brähler, 2005) and the Brief Resilience Scale (Smith, Dalen, Wiggings, Tooley, Christopher & Bernard, 2008). A mean was calculated for each time point. The total score ranges from 1 (worst result) to 7 (best result).	Weeks 2, 10 and 16 of the basic military training
Military Performance According to Military Marks	Military marks are given by superior Army personnel. The total score ranges from 1 (insufficient) to 5 (excellent). In total, three marks are given during the whole basic military training (after 7, 11 and 16 weeks). Data from those three time points are combined in a single value (mean).	During the basic military training (18 weeks)
Questionnaire About Health and Physical Activities		Week 1 of the basic military training and 3 months after finishing the basic military training
Attrition Rate	Withdrawals from the military service are reported by the training school's secretariat	During the whole basic military training (18 weeks)

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Questionnaire About Sport Lessons	Duration of each sport session was registered in a questionnaire by the military personnel. The minimum would be 0 minutes of sport per week, for the maximum the scale is open-ended. Data of sport lessons during the whole basic military are combined and presented as a mean value for each group.	During the whole basic military training (18 weeks)
Daily Energy Expenditure	Daily energy expenditure was measured using two accelerometers and one heart rate sensor. Data from weeks 2-9 of the basic military were combined and a single value (mean) was calculated for each group.	Weeks 2 - 9 of the basic military training
Daily Distance Covered on Foot	Daily distance covered on foot was measured using two accelerometers and one heart rate sensor. Data from weeks 2-9 of the basic military were combined and a single value (mean) was calculated for each group.	Weeks 2 - 9 of the basic military training

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen
• Collaborators: Swiss Armed Forces
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Thomas Wyss, PhD, Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Smith BW, Dalen J, Wiggins K, Tooley E, Christopher P, Bernard J. The brief resilience scale: assessing the ability to bounce back. Int J Behav Med. 2008;15(3):194-200. doi: 10.1080/10705500802222972.
• Roos L, Boesch M, Sefidan S, Frey F, Mader U, Annen H, Wyss T. Adapted marching distances and physical training decrease recruits' injuries and attrition. Mil Med. 2015 Mar;180(3):329-36. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00184.
• Wyss T, Roos L, Hofstetter MC, Frey F, Mader U. Impact of training patterns on injury incidences in 12 Swiss Army basic military training schools. Mil Med. 2014 Jan;179(1):49-55. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00289.
• Hofstetter MC, Mader U, Wyss T. Effects of a 7-week outdoor circuit training program on Swiss Army recruits. J Strength Cond Res. 2012 Dec;26(12):3418-25. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318245bebe.
• Wyss T, Mader U. Energy expenditure estimation during daily military routine with body-fixed sensors. Mil Med. 2011 May;176(5):494-9. doi: 10.7205/milmed-d-10-00376.
• Wyss T, Mader U. Recognition of military-specific physical activities with body-fixed sensors. Mil Med. 2010 Nov;175(11):858-64. doi: 10.7205/milmed-d-10-00023.
• Wyss, T, Marti, B, Rossi, S, Kohler, U, & Mäder, U (2007). Assembling and Verfification of a Fitness Test Battery for the Recruitment of the Swiss Army and Nation-wide Use. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für
• Schumacher, J, Leppert, K, Gunzelmann, T, Strauss, B, & Brähler, E(2005). Die Resilienzskala - Ein Fragebogen zur Erfassung der psychischen Widerstandsfähigkeit als Personmerkmal. Zeitschrift für klinische Psychologie, Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, 53(1), 16-39.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: July 1, 2015
• Primary Completion (Actual): August 1, 2016
• Study Completion (Actual): August 1, 2016

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 5, 2015
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 6, 2015
• First Posted (Estimate): October 7, 2015

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 21, 2017
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 30, 2017
• Last Verified: January 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Injuries; Psychological Tests; Physical Fitness; Attrition; Sport; Army
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Wounds and Injuries
• Other Study ID Numbers: SAFT_82/15

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO