Dose Response Oxidation of a Sweet-corn Derived Sugar (PhytoSpherix) During Exercise in Endurance Trained Athletes

Dose Response Oxidation of a Sweet-corn Derived Polysaccharide (PhytoSpherix) During Exercise in Endurance Trained Athletes

PhytoSpherix (Phx) is an all-natural, edible polysaccharide extracted from sweet corn. This carbohydrate is the major muscle fuel for intense exercise and its stores are quite small such that one can run out of it during a single exercise bout. Therefore, Phx should provide significant exercise fuel if consumed during exercise. As a result its intake could enhance intense exercise performance by providing additional fuel. This experiment Will investigate the effects of 4 different dosages of Phx consumed throughout a prolonged exercise bout on carbohydrate and fat utilization as well as its oxidation rate and perception of effort during prolonged intense exercise in trained cyclists. Muscle and liver carbohydrate stores will be examined using a non-invasive ultrasound technique.

Study Overview

• Status: Unknown
• Conditions: Hypoglycemia
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: Use of PhytoSpherix at 0 g/min; Dietary supplement: Use of PhytoSpherix at 1 g/min; Dietary supplement: Use of PhytoSpherix at 1.5 g/min; Dietary supplement: Use of PhytoSpherix at 2 g/min; Behavioral: Cycling exercise

Detailed Description

Carbohydrate (CHO) is one of the main substrate oxidized during moderate-to-high intensity, endurance-type exercise. It's been shown that CHO feeding during exercise enhances endurance performance and capacity, attributed mainly to the facilitation of greater rates of exogenous CHO oxidation, prevention of hypoglycaemia and sparing of muscle glycogen. Previous studies based on supplementation of glucose during 180 min. of cycling exercise have reported a maximal rate of exogenous CHO oxidation to be about 1 g/min. Other studies have shown that CHO oxidation rates can reach peak values of about 1.3 g/min when a combination of fructose and glucose is ingested at a rate of 1.8 g/min. The limitation in uptake and oxidation of a single CHO source is attributed to its intestinal transporter saturation such that when multiple CHO source is used the uptake and oxidation rate is increased to a greater extent. Currently there is no information regarding Phx uptake or oxidation rate as a CHO source during exercise. Also, it is important to investigate whether Phx as a CHO sport drink can increase performance by sparing muscle and liver glycogen during exercise. Therefore, the objective of this experiment is to measure dose response of Phx oxidation rate during prolonged cycling exercise and its effect on muscle and liver glycogen levels.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 8
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Canada
  • Ontario
    • London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7
      • Exercise Nutrition Research Laboratory, Western University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 30 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: Male

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Healthy male endurance trained athletes with >2 y cycling experience; about 2 h/day

Exclusion Criteria:

• Unhealthy athletes, smokers

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

Experimental: Endurance trained male cyclists; 8 male endurance trained male cyclist will consume varying amounts (0, 1, 1.5 and 2 g/min) of PhytoSpherix (sweet-corn derived sugar) during a 150 min . cycling exercise

Dietary supplement: Use of PhytoSpherix at 0 g/min; PhytoSpherix (Sweet-corn derived sugar) will be fed at 0 g/min during a 150 min cycling exercise; Dietary supplement: Use of PhytoSpherix at 1 g/min; PhytoSpherix (Sweet-corn derived sugar) will be fed at 1 g/min during a 150 min cycling exercise; Dietary supplement: Use of PhytoSpherix at 1.5 g/min; PhytoSpherix (Sweet-corn derived sugar) will be fed at 1.5 g/min during a 150 min cycling exercise; Dietary supplement: Use of PhytoSpherix at 2 g/min; PhytoSpherix (Sweet-corn derived sugar) will be fed at 2 g/min during a 150 min cycling exercise; Behavioral: Cycling exercise; Male endurance athletes will complete a cycling exercise for 150 min at 50% of their respective maximum wattage

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Oxidation of PhytoSpherixat	Breath samples will be taken starting at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 135, up to 150 min from the beginning of the exercise session to measure change in oxidation of PhytoSpherix	0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 135, 150 min from the beginning of the exercise session
Noninvasive ultrasound measure of glycogen in Vastus lateralis, rectus femoris and liver	Change in muscle and liver glycogen will be measured 10 min before and 10 min after exercise session. When muscle and liver glycogen content is high, the ultrasound image is hypoechoic (dark), and with glycogen depletion and water loss, the image is hyperchoic (brighter).Three ultrasound measurements at each site will be made by a trained technician using a 12 MHz linear transducer and a standard diagnostic high resolution GE LOGIQ-e ultrasound machine (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI). After calculating statistics on the color bar to determine the general brightness settings of the machine, images will be pre-processed and segmented to isolate the muscle area under analysis using a center crop within the muscle section 25 mm from the top muscle sheath. Comparing these results will help better understand the effect of supplementation of Phx at different rates on any changes in glycogen stores of muscle and liver.	10 min before and 10 min after the 150 min exercise session

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
blood glucose concentration	Changes in blood glucose will be measured at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 135, 150 min from the beginning of the exercise session. A blood drop by finger prick approach starting at time 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 135, 150 min from the beginning of the exercise session under sterile practice will be used to determine blood glucose concentrations	0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 135, 150 min from the beginning of the exercise session
blood lactate concentration	Changes in blood lactate will be measured at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 135, 150 min from the beginning of the exercise session. A blood drop by finger prick approach starting at time 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 135, 150 min from the beginning of the exercise session under sterile practice will be used to determine blood lactate concentrations	0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 135, 150 min from the beginning of the exercise session
Respiratory exchange ratio	Respiratory exchange ratio will be measured at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 135, 150 min from the beginning of the exercise session for periods of 4 min by using an online automated gas-analysis system.	At 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 135, 150 min from the beginning of the exercise session
rate of perceived exertion	rate of perceived exertion (RPE) for whole body and legs will be measured at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 135, 150 min from the beginning of the exercise session on a scale from 6 to 20, using the Borg category scale.	At 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 135, 150 min from the beginning of the exercise session
questionnaire to rate possible gastrointestinal (GI) problems	every athlete will be asked at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 min from the beginning of the exercise session to fill in a questionnaire to rate possible gastrointestinal (GI) problems including stomach problems, GI cramping, bloated feeling, diarrhea, nausea, dizziness, headache, belching, vomiting, and urge to urinate and defecate. While cyclists are on the bike and continue their exercise, each question will be answered by simply ticking a box on the questionnaire that corresponds to the severity of the GI problem addressed. The items will be scored on a 10-point scale (1 not at all, 10 very, very much).	At 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 min from the beginning of the exercise session

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Western Ontario, Canada
• Collaborators: Mirexus Biotechnologies Inc

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Bandegan A, Huang L, Longstaffe FJ, Lemon PW. Dose-Response Oxidation of Ingested Phytoglycogen during Exercise in Endurance-Trained Men. J Nutr. 2021 Oct 1;151(10):2942-2948. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab219.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: September 1, 2016
• Primary Completion (Anticipated): September 1, 2017
• Study Completion (Anticipated): September 1, 2017

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 10, 2016
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 17, 2016
• First Posted (Estimate): September 21, 2016

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): September 22, 2016
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 21, 2016
• Last Verified: September 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: oxidation; polysaccharide; endurance exercise
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Hypoglycemia
• Other Study ID Numbers: 10014597

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO