Pathogenic Mechanisms of Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases

Exploring the Pathogenic Mechanisms Shared by Cancer and Cardiovasuclar Diseases

Subjects with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have higher incidence of cancers compared to general population. The investigators hypothesized that shared molecular mechanism play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of CVD including heart failure (HF) and cancers. To address this hypothesis, the investigators are going to explore the expression pattern of micro RNA (miRNA) and cell free DNA (cfDNA) derived from host, gut microbiota and gut microbiota composition extensively in patients with or without CVD, non-ischemic HF (NIHF), and cancers. The participants will be recruited from the outpatient clinic in Sakakibara Heart Institute or Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research. By comparing the expression pattern of miRNA, cfDNA, or gut microbiota composition, the investigators are seeking to find the pathogenic mechanisms shared by those diseases.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cancer; Pathogenesis
• Intervention / Treatment: Diagnostic test: micro RNA

Detailed Description

It has been reported that subjects with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have higher incidence of cancers compared with general population. Because of the genetic and traditional commonalities between the underlying causes of CVD and cancers, the investigators hypothesized that shared molecular mechanism play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of CVD including heart failure (HF) and cancers.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded non-coding RNA sequences of about 18-22 nucleotides that interact with specific target messenger RNAs. They are known to be involved in the various processes including development, homeostasis, cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and various diseases by modulating post-transcriptional and translational processes. Some of miRNAs have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of cancers. Cell free DNAs (cfDNA) is extracellular nucleic acids found in cell-free plasma in humans. Elevated level of cfDNA was reported in patients with cancer and CVD. 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes are distinct in microbiota, which can be utilized to quantify the bacterial DNA in the systemic circulation. 16S rRNA genes are also shown to be elevated in patients with CVD. These findings imply the possibility that translocated microbiota might play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of CVD and cancers. The quantity and composition of gut microbiota have been shown to be altered in various diseases including obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and CVD. The previous findings from fecal transplantation experiments, which showed the disease phenotype was transferred from one to another subject (animal or human), strongly suggest the possibility that microbiota play some pathogenic roles in those diseases.

To address this hypothesis, the investigators are going to cross-sectionally explore the expression pattern of miRNA and cfDNA and the composition of gut microbiota extensively in patients with or without atherosclerotic CVD (ACVD), non-ischemic HF (NIHF), and cancers. The investigators will recruit the participants from the patients who regularly visit the outpatient clinic in Sakakibara Heart Institute or The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation of Cancer Research. The investigators will recruit the patients without ACVD or NIHF and with/without cancers (Group 1/2), those with ACVD and with/without cancers (Group 3/4), and those with NIHF and with/without cancers (Group 5/6). Their peripheral blood will be drawn and stools will be collected. miRNA in exosome will be extracted from plasma and explored by miRNA microarray. cfDNA pattern will be extensively explored by microarray. By comparing the expression pattern of miRNA and cfDNA, and the composition of gut microbiota by 16s rRNA gene shotgun analysis, the investigators will be seeking to find the molecular mechanisms shared by those diseases.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 66

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Japan
  • Fuchu, Japan, 183-0003
    • Sakakibara Heart Institute
  • Tokyo, Japan, 135-8550
    • The Cancer Institute Hospital for Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 20 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Subjects who regularly visit outpatient clinic in Sakakibara Heart Institute or The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation of Cancer Research.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• subjects who regularly visit outpatient clinic in Sakakibara Heart Institute or The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation of Cancer Research.

Exclusion Criteria:

• subjects who have multiple cancers

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Case-Control
• Time Perspectives: Cross-Sectional

Number of groups / cohorts

6

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
1: No ACVD/NIHF or cancers; The patients who do not have ACVD, NIHF or cancers	Diagnostic test: micro RNA; micro RNA, cell free DNA and 16S rRNA genes will be explored cross-sectionally at enrollment.; Other Names: cell free DNA; 16S rRNA genes of gut microbiota
2: Cancers but no ACVD/NIHF; The patients who have cancers but no ACVD/NIHF	Diagnostic test: micro RNA; micro RNA, cell free DNA and 16S rRNA genes will be explored cross-sectionally at enrollment.; Other Names: cell free DNA; 16S rRNA genes of gut microbiota
3: ACVD and cancers; The patients who have ACVD and cancers	Diagnostic test: micro RNA; micro RNA, cell free DNA and 16S rRNA genes will be explored cross-sectionally at enrollment.; Other Names: cell free DNA; 16S rRNA genes of gut microbiota
4: ACVD but no cancers; The patients who have ACVD but no cancers	Diagnostic test: micro RNA; micro RNA, cell free DNA and 16S rRNA genes will be explored cross-sectionally at enrollment.; Other Names: cell free DNA; 16S rRNA genes of gut microbiota
5: NIHF and cancers; The patients who have NIHF and cancers	Diagnostic test: micro RNA; micro RNA, cell free DNA and 16S rRNA genes will be explored cross-sectionally at enrollment.; Other Names: cell free DNA; 16S rRNA genes of gut microbiota
6: NIHF but no cancers; The patients who have NIHF but no cancers	Diagnostic test: micro RNA; micro RNA, cell free DNA and 16S rRNA genes will be explored cross-sectionally at enrollment.; Other Names: cell free DNA; 16S rRNA genes of gut microbiota

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
miRNA	Expression pattern of miRNA in blood	At enrollment
Cell free DNA from host	Quantity of cell free DNA derived from host in blood	At enrollment
Cell free DNA from microbiota	Expression pattern of cell free DNA distinct from microbiota in blood	At enrollment
bacterial composition in stool	the bacterial composition analyzed by shot gun analysis of 16s rRNA genes in stool	At enrollment

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Sakakibara Heart Institute
• Collaborators: Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Tsutomu Yoshikawa, Sakakibara Heart Institute

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 1, 2017
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 1, 2019
• Study Completion (Actual): December 1, 2019

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 9, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 9, 2017
• First Posted (Actual): February 13, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): October 22, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 19, 2020
• Last Verified: February 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: cancer; atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases; nonischemic heart failure
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Cardiovascular Diseases
• Other Study ID Numbers: SHIP02

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No