A Meal-based Comparison of Protein Quality, Complementary Proteins and Muscle Anabolism (MAPP)

To highlight the importance of protein quality rather than the total protein content of a meal, the investigators will demonstrate that unlike high quality proteins, a single meal containing 30 g of an incomplete protein source does not stimulate skeletal muscle protein synthesis. Secondly, the investigators will directly challenge a prevalent, but untested, assertion that has the potential to negatively impact health. The goal is to demonstrate that complementary plant-proteins (i.e., two or more incomplete protein sources) must be consumed at the same meal to stimulate protein synthesis.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Diet; Protein; Skeletal Muscle
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: PRO-A; Other: PRO-B; Other: PRO-C

Detailed Description

The investigators will test the following hypotheses in middle-aged men and women (45-60) years old using a randomized, cross over design. All study objectives will be met concurrently:

1. Meals containing 30 g of high quality, predominantly beef-protein (PRO-A) will stimulate acute (i.e., single meal response) and 24 h skeletal muscle protein synthesis [confirmatory hypothesis]
2. Meals containing 30 g of complementary plant-based proteins (PRO-B: complete essential amino acid profile at each meal) will stimulate acute and 24 h skeletal muscle protein synthesis, but to a lesser extent than beef-protein.
3. A single meal containing 30 g of an incomplete plant-based protein source (PRO-C: lacking one essential amino acid) will fail to acutely stimulate skeletal muscle protein synthesis
4. Meals containing 30 g of plant-based protein that are incomplete at each separate meal, but complementary over a 24 h period, will fail to stimulate 24 h skeletal muscle protein synthesis.
5. Beef-and plant-based meals will have a similar effect on satiety and 24 h blood glucose [descriptive]

If these hypotheses are correct, the investigators will demonstrate that meals containing a moderate amount of high quality protein, such as beef, are an efficient and effective way to augment a largely plant based diet and stimulate skeletal muscle protein synthesis - a prerequisite for outcomes related to physical function, performance, successful aging and metabolic health.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 23
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Texas
    • Galveston, Texas, United States, 77555
      • Unversity of Texas Medical Branch

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 45 years to 60 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. All races and ethnic backgrounds
2. Men and women, age 45-60 years
3. Generally healthy (see exclusion criteria)
4. Able and willing to provide informed consent
5. Ability to speak and read English (* the study procedures, e.g., muscle biopsy, duration of each acute study, e.g. overnight stay; and multiple dietary questionnaires require sound written and spoken English)

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Sarcopenia (defined by: European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People, EWGSOP (44))
2. Clinically significant heart disease (e.g. New York Heart Classification greater than grade II; ischemia)
3. Peripheral vascular disease
4. Pulmonary disease
5. History of systemic or pulmonary embolus
6. Uncontrolled blood pressure (systolic BP>170, diastolic BP>95 mmHg)
7. Impaired renal function (creatinine >1.5 mg/dl)
8. Anemia (hematocrit <33)
9. Untreated thyroid disease (abnormal TSH)
10. A recent history (<12 months) of GI bleed
11. Diabetes mellitus or other untreated endocrine or metabolic disease
12. Electrolyte abnormalities
13. Any history of stroke, hypo- or hyper-coagulation disorders
14. Recent (3 years) treated cancer other than basal cell carcinoma
15. Systemic steroids, anabolic steroids, growth hormone or immunosuppressant use within 12 months
16. Recent (6 months) adherence to a weight-loss or weight-gain diet
17. Weight change of 5% or more in previous 6 months
18. Body mass index >30 or excess body fat that compromises muscle biopsy collection
19. Body mass index <20 or recent history (<12 month) of disordered eating
20. Dietary preferences or practices that preclude the consumption of the study meals
21. Acute infectious disease or chronic infection
22. Alcohol or drug abuse
23. Any other condition or event considered exclusionary by study physician
24. Pregnancy

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Other
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: PRO-A; Beef protein	Other: PRO-A; 30 g of beef protein will be consumed at each meal
Experimental: PRO-B; Complementary proteins at each meal	Other: PRO-B; 30 g of complementary proteins will be consumed at each meal
Experimental: PRO-C; Complementary proteins over 24 hours	Other: PRO-C; 30 g of complementary proteins will be consumed over 24 hours
No Intervention: CON; Low protein (<5 g) meal

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Acute muscle protein synthesis: PRO-A	Muscle protein synthesis response to PRO-A breakfast meal (%/h)	3 hours after consuming meal
Acute muscle protein synthesis: PRO-B	Muscle protein synthesis response to PRO-B breakfast meal (%/h)	3 hours after consuming meal
Acute muscle protein synthesis: PRO-C	Muscle protein synthesis response to PRO-C breakfast meal (%/h)	3 hours after consuming meal
Acute muscle protein synthesis: CON	Muscle protein synthesis response to CON breakfast meal (%/hour)	3 hours after consuming meal
24-hour muscle protein synthesis: PRO-A	Muscle protein synthesis response to PRO-A diet over 24 hours (%/hour)	Approximately 24 hours
24-hour muscle protein synthesis: PRO-B	Muscle protein synthesis response to PRO-B diet over 24 hours (%/hour)	Approximately 24 hours
24-hour muscle protein synthesis: PRO-C	Muscle protein synthesis response to PRO-C diet over 24 hours (%/hour)	Approximately 24 hours
Blood amino acid response to diet: PRO-A	Blood samples will be drawn to measure amino acid concentrations response to PRO-A breakfast (µmol/L)	Approximately 5 hours
Blood amino acid response to diet: PRO-B	Blood samples will be drawn to measure amino acid concentrations response to PRO-B breakfast (µmol/L)	Approximately 5 hours
Blood amino acid response to diet: PRO-C	Blood samples will be drawn to measure amino acid concentrations response to PRO-B C breakfast (µmol/L)	Approximately 5 hours
Blood amino acid response to diet: CON	Blood samples will be drawn to measure amino acid concentrations response to CON breakfast (µmol/L)	Approximately 5 hours

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Blood glucose response to diet: PRO-A	Blood samples will be drawn to measure blood glucose response to PRO-A diet (mg/dl)	Approximately 24 hours
Blood glucose response to diet: PRO-B	Blood samples will be drawn to measure blood glucose response to PRO-B diet (mg/dl)	Approximately 24 hours
Blood glucose response to diet: PRO-C	Blood samples will be drawn to measure blood glucose response to PRO-C diet (mg/dl)	Approximately 24 hours
Blood glucose response to diet: CON	Blood samples will be drawn to measure blood glucose response to CON breakfast meal (mg/dl)	Approximately 5 hours
Appetite and Hedonic Questionnaire: PRO-A	Questionnaires will be given to assess hunger, fullness, desire to eat, thirst, desire to eat something sweet, desire to eat something salty, desire to eat something savory, sleepiness, physical energy, mental energy, and nausea in response to PRO-A diet. All outcomes are scored individually on a 10 pt visual analog scale using "not at all" being 0 and "extremely" being a 10.	Approximately 8 hours
Appetite and Hedonic Questionnaire: PRO-B	Questionnaires will be given to assess hunger, fullness, desire to eat, thirst, desire to eat something sweet, desire to eat something salty, desire to eat something savory, sleepiness, physical energy, mental energy, and nausea in response to PRO-B diet. All outcomes are scored individually on a 10 pt visual analog scale using "not at all" being 0 and "extremely" being a 10.	Approximately 8 hours
Appetite and Hedonic Questionnaire: PRO-C	Questionnaires will be given to assess hunger, fullness, desire to eat, thirst, desire to eat something sweet, desire to eat something salty, desire to eat something savory, sleepiness, physical energy, mental energy, and nausea in response to PRO-C diet. All outcomes are scored individually on a 10 pt visual analog scale using "not at all" being 0 and "extremely" being a 10.	Approximately 8 hours
Appetite and Hedonic Questionnaire: CON	Questionnaires will be given to assess hunger, fullness, desire to eat, thirst, desire to eat something sweet, desire to eat something salty, desire to eat something savory, sleepiness, physical energy, mental energy, and nausea in response to CON diet. All outcomes are scored individually on a 10 pt visual analog scale using "not at all" being 0 and "extremely" being a 10.	Approximately 5 hours
3 day dietary record: PRO-A	Diet records will be collected and analyzed with ASA24 to assess habitual energy intake the week prior to PRO-A study visit	Approximately 36 hours
3 day dietary record: PRO-B	Diet records will be collected and analyzed with ASA24 to assess habitual energy intake the week prior to PRO-B study visit	Approximately 36 hours
3 day dietary record: PRO-C	Diet records will be collected and analyzed with ASA24 to assess habitual energy intake the week prior to PRO-C study visit	Approximately 36 hours
3 day dietary record: CON	Diet records will be collected and analyzed with ASA24 to assess habitual energy intake the week prior to CON study visit	Approximately 36 hours
Palatability Questionnaire:PRO-A	Questionnaires will be given to assess palatability of the PRO-A diet. Outcomes include the participants ranking of the food appearance, aroma intensity, aroma, flavor intensity, flavor, texture and overall appeal of the food. A 10 pt visual analog scale will be used to assess the subject's response with 0 being "extremely dislike", 5 being "neither like nor dislike" and 10 being "extremely like".	Approximately 8 hours
Palatability Questionnaire:PRO-B	Questionnaires will be given to assess palatability of the PRO-B diet. Outcomes include the participants ranking of the food appearance, aroma intensity, aroma, flavor intensity, flavor, texture and overall appeal of the food. A 10 pt visual analog scale will be used to assess the subject's response with 0 being "extremely dislike", 5 being "neither like nor dislike" and 10 being "extremely like".	Approximately 8 hours
Palatability Questionnaire:PRO-C	Questionnaires will be given to assess palatability of the PRO-C diet. Outcomes include the participants ranking of the food appearance, aroma intensity, aroma, flavor intensity, flavor, texture and overall appeal of the food. A 10 pt visual analog scale will be used to assess the subject's response with 0 being "extremely dislike", 5 being "neither like nor dislike" and 10 being "extremely like".	Approximately 8 hours
Palatability Questionnaire:CON	Questionnaires will be given to assess palatability of the CON diet. Outcomes include the participants ranking of the food appearance, aroma intensity, aroma, flavor intensity, flavor, texture and overall appeal of the food. A 10 pt visual analog scale will be used to assess the subject's response with 0 being "extremely dislike", 5 being "neither like nor dislike" and 10 being "extremely like".	Approximately 5 hours

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Doug Paddon-Jones, PhD, University of Texas

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 26, 2019
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 21, 2021
• Study Completion (Actual): January 21, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 22, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 24, 2019
• First Posted (Actual): January 25, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 29, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 27, 2021
• Last Verified: December 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: 18-0147

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No