Effect of Occlusal Accommodation of the Mouthguard on the Degree of Satisfaction of Water Polo Players
May 24, 2022 updated by: Jordi Martinez-Gomis, University of Barcelona
Effect of Occlusal Accommodation of the Mouthguard on the Degree of Satisfaction of Water Polo Players: A Randomized Crossover Study
This study assesses the effect of adjusting the occlusal surface of a custom-made mouthguard on the degree of satisfaction with a mouthguard among water polo players.
Twenty-four water polo players will wear a custom-made conventional mouthguard and a custom-made mouthguard with occlusal adjustment, two weeks per mouthguard.
They will wear it during training sessions and for competing.
The sequence will be randomized to obtain one-half of the participants starting the first week wearing the conventional mouthguard, and the other half wearing the mouthguard with occlusal adjustment.
The participants will rate the degree of interference with oral functions or discomfort in reference to speech, breathing, swallowing, gag reflex, fits too tight, fits too loose, aesthetics and athletic performance, in a 10-point scale, considering 0 no discomfort/interference and 10 maximum discomfort/interference.
After each session, players also rated the perception of protection, the degree of improvement on athletic performance and the degree of satisfaction in a 10-point scale, considering 0 no protection/satisfaction and 10 maximum protection/satisfaction.
Study Overview
Status
Completed
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
This crossover intervention study aims to assess the effect of adjusting the occlusal surface of a custom-made mouthguard on the degree of satisfaction with a mouthguard among water polo players.
Twenty-four water polo players will participate in this randomized crossover trial.
Two different custom-made mouth guards will be made for each participant, a conventional one and an occlusal-adjusted mouthguard.
Both types of mouthguard will be fabricated using a pressure molding device and 4-mm ethyl vinyl acetate foils.
The conventional mouth guards will be made at 2 mm from the full depth of the labial sulcus, covering the second maxillary molar, and with the palatal margin extending 2 mm from the cervical line.
To fabricate the occlusal adjusted mouthguard a second 2-mm foil of ethyl vinyl acetate will be formed over the initial 4-mm layer.
The maxillary and mandibular casts mounted to an articulator using an inter occlusal record will facilitate the accommodation of the occlusal surface to the antagonistic teeth.
The participants will be instructed to wear the mouth guards during training sessions and competitions.
The sequence of use will be randomized to obtain one half of the participants beginning the first and the fourth week wearing the conventional mouthguard and the second and the third wearing the occlusal-adjusted mouthguard.
The other half will start wearing the first and the fourth week the mouthguard with occlusal-adjusted mouthguard and the second and third week wearing the conventional mouthguard.
The participants will evaluate on a 10-point scale for discomfort (gag reflex, fits too tight, fits too loose), interference with functions (speech, breathing, swallowing, aesthetics, and athletic performance), protection, and general satisfaction after each training session or match.
Study Type
Interventional
Enrollment (Actual)
26
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.
Study Locations
-
-
Barcelona
-
L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain, 08907
- Jordi Martinez-Gomis
-
-
Participation Criteria
Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
18 years to 75 years (Adult, Older Adult)
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Yes
Genders Eligible for Study
All
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Playing in the highest Spanish league of water polo for the season 2018- 2019
Exclusion Criteria:
- Players with dental caries, periodontitis or temporomandibular joint pain
Study Plan
This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Other
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
- Masking: None (Open Label)
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
|---|---|
|
Active Comparator: CM-OA-OA-CM Sequence
Use of a conventional custom-made mouthguard (CM) while playing water polo for first and fourth weeks and the occlusal-adjusted custom-made mouthguard (OA) for the second and third weeks.
|
Use of a conventional custom-made mouthguard while playing water polo
Use of an occlusal-adjusted custom-made mouthguard while playing water polo
|
|
Active Comparator: OA-CM-CM-OA Sequence
Use of an occlusal-adjusted custom-made mouthguard (OA) for the first and fourth weeks and a conventional custom-made mouthguard (CM) while playing water polo for the second and third weeks.
|
Use of a conventional custom-made mouthguard while playing water polo
Use of an occlusal-adjusted custom-made mouthguard while playing water polo
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
|
Degree of satisfaction using a questionnaire
Time Frame: Weeks 1-4
|
Participant satisfaction will be assessed by asking the question "How satisfied are you with your mouthguard?" using a 0-10 point scale, considering 0= totally dissatisfied and 10 = totally satisfied.
Players rated the mouthguard just after each training session or after each match.
|
Weeks 1-4
|
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
|
Degree of interference on speech using a questionnaire
Time Frame: Weeks 1-4
|
The degree of interference on speech while using the mouthguard will be assessed by asking the question "How much do you think wearing the mouthguard interferes your ability to speech?" using a 0-10 point scale (considering 0= anything to 10= very much).
Players rated the mouthguard just after each training session or after each match.
|
Weeks 1-4
|
|
Degree of interference on breathing using a questionnaire
Time Frame: Weeks 1-4
|
The degree of interference on breathing while using the mouthguard was assessed by asking the question "How much do you think wearing the mouthguard interferes your ability to breath?" using a 0-10 point scale (considering 0= anything to 10= very much).
Players rated the mouthguard just after each training session or after each match.
|
Weeks 1-4
|
|
Degree of interference on swallowing using a questionnaire
Time Frame: Weeks 1-4
|
The degree of interference on swallowing while using the mouthguard will be assessed by asking the question "How much do you think wearing the mouthguard interferes your ability to swallow?" using a 0-10 point scale (considering 0= anything to 10= very much).
Players rated the mouthguard just after each training session or after each match.
|
Weeks 1-4
|
|
Degree of discomfort regarding the gag reflex using a questionnaire
Time Frame: Weeks 1-4
|
The degree of discomfort regarding the gag reflex while using the mouthguard will be assessed by asking the question "How much do you think wearing the mouthguard causes a gag reflex?" using a 0-10 point scale (considering 0= anything to 10= very much).
Players rated the mouthguard just after each training session or after each match.
|
Weeks 1-4
|
|
Degree of discomfort because the mouthguard fits too tight using a questionnaire
Time Frame: Weeks 1-4
|
The degree of discomfort because the mouthguard fits too tight will be assessed by asking the question "How much do you think the mouthguard fits too tight?"
using a 0-10 point scale (considering 0= anything to 10= very much).
Players rated the mouthguard just after each training session or after each match.
|
Weeks 1-4
|
|
Degree of discomfort related to the dislodgement of the mouthguard using a questionnaire
Time Frame: Weeks 1-4
|
The degree of discomfort because the mouthguard dislodges will be assessed by asking the question "How much do you think the mouthguard fits too loose?"
using a 0-10 point scale (considering 0= anything to 10= very much).
Players rated the mouthguard just after each training session or after each match.
|
Weeks 1-4
|
|
Degree of interference on aesthetics using a questionnaire
Time Frame: Weeks 1-4
|
The degree of interference on aesthetics while using the mouthguard will be assessed by asking the question "How much do you think wearing the mouthguard interferes on aesthetics?" using a 0-10 point scale (considering 0= anything to 10= very much).
Players rated the mouthguard just after each training session or after each match.
|
Weeks 1-4
|
|
Degree of interference on athletic performance using a questionnaire
Time Frame: Weeks 1-4
|
The degree of interference on athletic performance while using the mouthguard will be assessed by asking the question "How much do you think wearing the mouthguard interferes athletic performance?"
using a 0-10 point scale (considering 0= anything to 10= very much).
Players rated the mouthguard just after each training session or after each match.
|
Weeks 1-4
|
|
Degree of protection using a questionnaire
Time Frame: Weeks 1-4
|
The degree of protection perceived by the participant will be assessed by asking the question "How much do you feel protected when you are wearing the mouthguard?" using a 0-10 point scale (considering 0= anything to 10= very much).
Players rated the mouthguard just after each training session or after each match.
|
Weeks 1-4
|
|
Degree of improvement on athletic performance using a questionnaire
Time Frame: Weeks 1-4
|
The degree of improvement on athletic performance while using the mouthguard will be assessed by asking the question "How much do you think wearing the mouthguard improves athletic performance?"
using a 0-10 point scale (considering 0= anything to 10= very much).
Players rated the mouthguard just after each training session or after each match.
|
Weeks 1-4
|
|
Cost-effectiveness analysis by assessing the degree of satisfaction and the cost of the mouthguard
Time Frame: Weeks 0-4
|
The time spent in both the laboratory and the clinical setting and the cost of the materials will be considered for the estimation of the cost-effectiveness of the mouthguard.
Effectiveness will be considered as the degree of satisfaction with the mouthguard perceived by the participant.
|
Weeks 0-4
|
Collaborators and Investigators
This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.
Sponsor
Publications and helpful links
The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.
General Publications
- Zamora-Olave C, Willaert E, Montero-Blesa A, Riera-Punet N, Martinez-Gomis J. Risk of orofacial injuries and mouthguard use in water polo players. Dent Traumatol. 2018 Dec;34(6):406-412. doi: 10.1111/edt.12434. Epub 2018 Oct 10.
- Gomez-Gimeno A, Zamora-Olave C, Cordobes-Navarro M, Willaert E, Martinez-Gomis J. Satisfaction with shortening the palatal extension of a mouthguard for water polo players: A randomized crossover study. Dent Traumatol. 2019 Apr;35(2):135-141. doi: 10.1111/edt.12455. Epub 2019 Jan 7.
- Geary JL, Clifford TJ, Kinirons MJ. Occlusal accommodation and mouthguards for prevention of orofacial trauma. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2009;7(1):55-9.
- Flores-Figueiras C, Zamora-Olave C, Willaert E, Martinez-Gomis J. Effect of thickness and occlusal accommodation on the degree of satisfaction with mouthguard use among water polo players: A randomized crossover trial. Dent Traumatol. 2020 Dec;36(6):670-679. doi: 10.1111/edt.12583. Epub 2020 Jul 20.
Study record dates
These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
February 21, 2019
Primary Completion (Actual)
June 1, 2019
Study Completion (Actual)
July 10, 2019
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
January 22, 2019
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
February 15, 2019
First Posted (Actual)
February 19, 2019
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
May 27, 2022
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
May 24, 2022
Last Verified
May 1, 2022
More Information
Terms related to this study
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- HOUB2018/031
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
No
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