Efficacy of Two Doses of Duloxetine and Amitriptyline in Subjects With Refractory Chronic Cough (MACS-1)

A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Dose-escalation Study Evaluating the Efficacy of Two Doses of Duloxetine & Amitriptyline in Subjects With Refractory Chronic Cough

This research study is evaluating the effectiveness of escalating doses of Amitriptyline and Duloxetine in reducing cough frequency in patients with refractory chronic cough (RCC)

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Refractory Chronic Cough
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Duloxetine 30 MG; Drug: Placebo 30 MG; Drug: Duloxetine 60 MG; Drug: Amitriptyline 25 MG; Drug: Amitriptyline 50 MG; Drug: Placebo 60 MG

Detailed Description

This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm, dose escalation study of Duloxetine & Amitriptyline in subjects with refractory chronic cough. Subjects will be screened during a period of up to 2 week and will undergo screening/ baseline cough monitoring. A total of 50 subjects who meet entry criteria will be randomly assigned in a 1: 1: 1: 1: 1 ratio to one of five treatment arms using stratified randomization in blocks of 10. Each arm will have two successive 4-week treatment periods (Blinded Period 1 & 2). After this, patients will be unblinded and receive routine clinical care. During the unblinded (routine clinical care) follow up phase; subjects will be initially offered the option of continuing amitriptyline or duloxetine based on their initial randomization arm. Subjects could also choose an alternative chronic cough therapy (e.g. pregabalin, gabapentin, 1% tetracaine lollipop or nebulized lidocaine or combination therapy).

Subjects in treatment arm 5, who received placebo during the 8 weeks blinded period will have a discussion regarding all available cough therapies. Patients will be offered the flexibility of therapy options during the unblinded follow up as they would during routine clinical care. Participation in the unblinded follow-up period will be optional.

Treatment Arm 1:

Blinded Period 1 (1st 4 weeks): 30mg of Duloxetine Blinded Period 2 (2nd 4 weeks): 30mg of Duloxetine & 30mg of Placebo Unblinded (routine clinical care) follow up period: (up to 52 weeks): Subjects will be offered routine clinical care management for their chronic cough

Treatment Arm 2:

Blinded Period 1 (1st 4 weeks): 30mg of Duloxetine Blinded Period 2 (2nd 4 weeks): 60mg of Duloxetine (2 pills of 30mg each) Unblinded (routine clinical care) follow up period: (up to 52 weeks): Subjects will be offered routine clinical care management for their chronic cough

Treatment Arm 3:

Blinded Period 1 (1st 4 weeks): 25mg of Amitriptyline Blinded Period 2 (2nd 4 weeks): 25mg of Amitriptyline + 25mg of Placebo Unblinded (routine clinical care) follow up period: (up to 52 weeks): Subjects will be offered routine clinical care management for their chronic cough

Treatment Arm 4:

Blinded Period 1 (1st 4 weeks): 25mg of Amitriptyline Blinded Period 2 (2nd 4 weeks): 50mg of Amitriptyline (2 pills of 25mg each) Unblinded (routine clinical care) follow up period: (up to 52 weeks): Subjects will be offered routine clinical care management for their chronic cough

Treatment Arm 5:

Blinded Period 1 (1st 4 weeks): 30mg of Placebo Blinded Period 2 (2nd 4 weeks): 60mg of Placebo (2 pills of 30mg each) Unblinded (routine clinical care) follow up period: (up to 52 weeks): Subjects will be offered routine clinical care management for their chronic cough

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 50
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Minnesota
    • Rochester, Minnesota, United States, 55905
      • Recruiting
      • Mayo Clinic in Rochester
      • Contact: Sue Ann Donlinger; Phone Number: 507-284-9259; Email: Donlinger.SueAnn@mayo.edu
      • Principal Investigator: Vivek N Iyer, M.D, M.P.H
      • Sub-Investigator: Ashley M Egan, M.D.
      • Sub-Investigator: Sumera R Ahmad, M.D.
      • Sub-Investigator: Sumedh S Hoskote, M.D.

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 75 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria

• Chest radiograph or computed tomography (CT) of the thorax within the last 1 year not demonstrating any abnormality considered to be significantly contributing to the refractory chronic cough in the opinion of the Principal Investigator
• Have a diagnosis of refractory chronic cough or unexplained cough for at least one year according to the American College of Chest Physicians guidelines
• Have a score of ≥ 40mm on the Cough Severity VAS at Screening.
• Women of child-bearing potential must agree to use 2 forms of acceptable birth control and make no donation of eggs from Screening through the end of the 8-week study period. Acceptable birth control methods include established use of oral, injected, or implanted hormonal methods of contraception; intrauterine device (IUD) or intrauterine system (IUS); tubal ligation; or male sterilization. Double-barrier method (diaphragm for female subject and condom for male partner with spermicidal) satisfies the requirement for 2 forms of acceptable birth control. When concordant with the preferred lifestyle of the subject, true and complete abstinence (not periodic abstinence) is acceptable.
• Male subjects and their partners of child-bearing potential must use 2 methods of acceptable birth control, 1 of which must be a barrier method, and make no donation of sperm from Screening until 3 months after the last dose of study drug at the end of 8 weeks.
• Have provided written informed consent.
• Are willing and able to comply with all aspects of the protocol.

Exclusion Criteria

• Current smoker (cigarettes, e-cigarettes or marijuana) or former smokers who have smoked within the past 12 months.
• Former smokers with > 20 pack-year history of smoking
• Ongoing treatment with an ACE-inhibitor that is considered as the potential cause of a subject's cough or requiring treatment with an ACE-inhibitor during the study or within 12 weeks prior to the Screening/Baseline Visit (Day -14 to Day 0).
• FEV1/FVC < 60%.
• History of upper or lower respiratory tract infection or recent significant change in pulmonary status within 4 weeks of the Screening/Baseline Visit (Day -14 to Day 0)
• History of opioid use specifically prescribed for chronic cough within 2 weeks of the Screening/Baseline Visit (Day -14 to Day 0). Use of opioids for other indications (for example, to treat pain) is permitted.
• History of baclofen use specifically prescribed for chronic cough within 2 weeks of the Screening/Baseline Visit (Day -14 to Day 0). Use of baclofen for other indications (for example, to treat spasticity) is permitted.
• Diagnosis of COPD, bronchiectasis, interstitial lung disease or cystic fibrosis
• Presence of an untreated or undertreated cause for the patient's chronic cough (as determined by the treating/referring physician per ACCP guidelines). e.g. uncontrolled asthma, GERD or post-nasal drainage that could potentially explain the patient's chronic cough.
• Requiring concomitant therapy with prohibited medications (outlined below)
• Treatment with any pharmaceutical or biological investigational therapy (excluding coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID) vaccination and COVID related monoclonal antibody therapy)
• Participation in another clinical trial that does not allow co-enrollment within 4 weeks prior to the Screening/Baseline Visit (Day -14 to Day 0)
• Total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) > 3x the upper limit of normal (ULN) during screening.
• Serum creatinine < 30 mL/min, hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis
• Advanced liver disease as defined by the presence of cirrhosis and/or signs of portal hypertension
• History of previous hypersensitivity or intolerance to Duloxetine & Amitriptyline (patients who have previously been on either amitriptyline or duloxetine for chronic cough or other reasons and have tolerated the medication will be offered participation regardless of previous response to therapy).
• Currently pregnant or breastfeeding female subject.
• Presence of any medical condition or disability that the investigators believe could interfere with the assessment of safety or efficacy in this trial or compromise the safety of the subject.
• Planned or anticipated major surgical procedure or other activity that would interfere with the subject's ability to comply with protocol-mandated assessments (e.g., extended travel) during the subject's participation in the study.
• Currently taking either another SSRI, SNRI or MAO inhibitor which the patient cannot safely discontinue at least 2 weeks prior to the screening period.

• The following therapies are prohibited from 2 week prior to the Screening/Baseline Visit (Day -14 to Day 0) through the end of the 8-week blinded treatment period.

  • Opioids (of any kind including tramadol & codeine) specifically prescribed for treatment of cough
  • Dextromethorphan
  • Guaifenesin
  • Chlorpheniramine
  • Benzonatate
  • Trazodone
  • Pregabalin or gabapentin prescribed for chronic cough
  • 1% tetracaine lollipops prescribed for chronic cough
  • 4% nebulized lidocaine solution prescribed for chronic cough
  • Any SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) e.g. bupropion, citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine.
  • Any SNRI (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor) e.g. venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, milnacipran, levomilnacipran
  • Any Tricyclic antidepressant e.g. doxepin, clomipramine, nortriptyline, imipramine, protriptyline, amoxapine, trimipramine
  • Any MAO (Monoamine oxidase) inhibitor. e.g. phenelzine, selegiline, isocarboxacid or tranylcypromine
  • Patients who were previously prescribed either amitriptyline or duloxetine for chronic cough will be eligible for the study as long as they had discontinued the medication at least 12 weeks prior to the Screening/Baseline Visit (Day -14 to Day 0).

• The following therapies are prohibited from 4 week prior to the Screening/Baseline Visit (Day -14 to Day 0) through the end of the 8-week blinded treatment period.

  • Investigational biologic or pharmaceutical therapies (excluding COVID vaccination and COVID related monoclonal antibody therapy)

• The following therapies are prohibited from 12 week prior to the Screening/Baseline Visit (Day -14 to Day 0) through the end of the 8-week blinded treatment period.

  • Treatment with an ACE-inhibitor

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

5

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Duloxetine and Placebo; Subjects will receive 30mg of Duloxetine for blinded period 1 (first 4 week treatment period) and 30mg of Duloxetine plus 30mg Placebo for blinded period 2 (additional 4 week treatment period). After this, subjects will be unblinded and receive routine clinical care for follow up phase (up to 52 weeks).	Drug: Duloxetine 30 MG; 30mg orally for 4 weeks; Drug: Placebo 30 MG; 30mg tablet with no active study ingredient for 4 weeks
Experimental: Duloxetine dose escalation; Subjects will receive 30mg of Duloxetine for blinded period 1 (first 4 week treatment period) and 60mg of Duloxetine for blinded period 2 (additional 4 weeks treatment period). After this, subjects will be unblinded and receive routine clinical care for follow up phase (up to 52 weeks).	Drug: Duloxetine 30 MG; 30mg orally for 4 weeks; Drug: Duloxetine 60 MG; 60mg orally for 4 weeks
Experimental: Amitriptyline and Placebo; Subjects will receive 25mg of Amitriptyline for blinded period 1 (first 4 week treatment period) and 25mg of Amitriptyline plus 30mg Placebo for blinded period 2 (additional 4 week treatment period). After this, subjects will be unblinded and receive routine clinical care for follow up phase (up to 52 weeks).	Drug: Placebo 30 MG; 30mg tablet with no active study ingredient for 4 weeks; Drug: Amitriptyline 25 MG; 25 mg orally for 4 weeks
Experimental: Amitriptyline dose escalation; Subjects will receive 25mg of Amitriptyline for blinded period 1 (first 4 week treatment period) and 50mg of Amitriptyline for blinded period 2 (additional 4 weeks treatment period). After this, subjects will be unblinded and receive routine clinical care for follow up phase (up to 52 weeks).	Drug: Amitriptyline 25 MG; 25 mg orally for 4 weeks; Drug: Amitriptyline 50 MG; 50 mg orally for 4 weeks
Placebo Comparator: Placebo; Subjects will receive 30mg of Placebo for blinded period 1 (first 4 week treatment period) and 60mg of Placebo for blinded period 2 (additional 4 weeks treatment period). After this, subjects will be unblinded and receive routine clinical care for follow up phase (up to 52 weeks).	Drug: Placebo 30 MG; 30mg tablet with no active study ingredient for 4 weeks; Drug: Placebo 60 MG; 60mg tablet with no active study ingredient for 4 weeks

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in awake objective cough frequency (at 4 & 8 weeks)	The primary objective is to evaluate awake cough frequency at 4 and 8 weeks using the Leicester Cough Monitor. The acoustic cough monitor recordings will be analyzed using the Leicester Cough Monitor program V2.3-MB. This will also be performed at months 4, 6, 9 & 12 for subjects who choose to continue with the optional unblinded continuation of the study after the initial 8 weeks.	4 weeks, 8 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in 24-Hour cough frequency	This will also be evaluated using using the Leicester Cough Monitor and recordings will be analyzed using the Leicester Cough Monitor program V2.3-MB. All recordings will be kept confidential on a secure encrypted device. This will also be performed at months 4, 6, 9 & 12 for subjects who choose to continue with the optional unblinded continuation of the study after the initial 8 weeks.	4 weeks, 8 weeks
Change in Cough Severity Diary score	Measured using self-reported Cough Severity Diary that patients will fill at baseline and on daily basis. Change in self-reported Cough Severity Diary score at 4 and 8 weeks will be evaluated. Patients will be asked a series of 6 questions including and will provide an answer using a 5-point Likert scale (never, rarely, sometimes, often, constantly). The following questions will be evaluated: In the past 24 hours, how often did you cough?; In the past 24 hours, how often did you experience coughing fits?; In the past 24 hours, how severe was your cough?; In the past 24 hours, how often did you have an urge to cough?; In the past 24 hours, how often could you control your cough?; In the past 24 hours, how severe was your pain from coughing? This will also be performed at months 4, 6, 9 & 12 for subjects who choose to continue with the optional unblinded continuation of the study after the initial 8 weeks.	4 weeks, 8 weeks
Change from Baseline in Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ-acute) individual domain and total scores	The Leicester Cough Questionnaire (Acute) is a validated tool for the assessment of chronic cough. It evaluates physical, psychological and social domains and how they are impacted by chronic cough. The physical domain consists of 8 questions, the psychological domain consists of 7 questions, and the social domain consists of 4 questions. The domain score will be calculated as the total score from questions in the domain divided by the number of items in the domain (range 1-7). The total score is the sum of individual domain scores and ranges from 3-21. The individual domain as well as the total score will be reported on weeks 4 & 8. This will also be performed at months 4, 6, 9 & 12 for subjects who choose to continue with the optional unblinded continuation of the study after the initial 8 weeks.	4 weeks, 8 weeks
Change in Cough Severity Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)	Scored on a 100 mm visual analogue scale at Screening/ Baseline visit (Day -14 to Day 0), and on Days 28, and 56. This will also be performed at months 4, 6, 9 & 12 for subjects who choose to continue with the optional unblinded continuation of the study after the initial 8 weeks.	4 weeks, 8 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Mayo Clinic
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Vivek N Iyer, MD, Mayo Clinic

Publications and helpful links

Helpful Links

• Mayo Clinic Clinical Trials

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 1, 2021
• Primary Completion (Estimated): December 1, 2025
• Study Completion (Estimated): December 1, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 3, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 3, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): November 5, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 1, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 29, 2024
• Last Verified: March 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: GERD; asthma; Cough; refractory; Gastroesophageal reflux; Chronic rhinosinusitis; Chronic cough; cough hypersensitivity; Upper airway cough syndrome; antitussives; refractory cough; neurogenic cough
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Respiratory Tract Diseases; Respiration Disorders; Signs and Symptoms, Respiratory; Cough; Chronic Cough; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Adrenergic Agents; Neurotransmitter Agents; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Analgesics; Sensory System Agents; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Psychotropic Drugs; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Membrane Transport Modulators; Antidepressive Agents; Dopamine Agents; Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; Duloxetine Hydrochloride; Amitriptyline
• Other Study ID Numbers: 21-008116

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No