Effects of Orange Oil Aromatherapy on the Pain and Anxiety

Effects of Orange Oil Aromatherapy on the Pain and Anxiety During Invasive Interventions in Patients With Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

This randomized controlled experimental study was conducted prospectively with 80 patients with hematological malignancies were treated in the adult bone marrow transplant unit and adult hematology service of a private hospital between May 2021 and January 2022. Orange oil inhalation used in aromatherapy was applied to patients in the intervention group. Visual Analogue Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory used for data collection.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Bone Marrow Transplantation; Hematopoietic Transplantation
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Orange oil aromatherapy

Detailed Description

Introduction: Invasive interventions such as peripheral intravenous cannula and port needle placement, and blood collection are often required for both inpatient and outpatient follow-up patients with hematological malignancies and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients. This long and difficult treatment process causes anxiety and emotional disorders in most patients. Although invasive initiatives in the treatment and monitoring process are widely implemented, they lead to pain, anxiety and discomfort, which is often ignored. This study conducted to assess the effect of orange oil inhalation used in aromatherapy on pain and anxiety levels in invasive interventions to treat patients with hematological malignancies and hematopoietic stem cells transplantation.

Methods: This randomized controlled experimental study was conducted prospectively with 80 patients with hematological malignancies were treated in the adult bone marrow transplant unit and adult hematology service of a private hospital between May 2021 and January 2022. Orange oil inhalation used in aromatherapy was applied to patients in the intervention group. Visual Analogue Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory used for data collection.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 80
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Istanbul, Turkey
    • Istanbul Aydin University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients older than 18 years old,
• without communication problems,
• without allergy and respiratory system problems,
• who agreed to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• severe hypotension
• other allergic complications that made it difficult for patients to continue the study

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
No Intervention: Control
Experimental: Intervention; 3 ml of orange oil were dripping onto the sponge, and the patient was told to breathe slowly at a distance of 3 cm and to smell during the process	Other: Orange oil aromatherapy; 5 minutes before the invasive procedure, 3 ml of orange oil were dripping onto the sponge, and the patient was told to breathe slowly at a distance of 3 cm and to smell during the process.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Visual Analog Scale (VAS)	Visual Analog Scale; A scale applied on a straight line by marking a millimeter horizontal or vertical line. In this line, the 0 cm dot means "No Pain", while the 10 cm dot means "very bad pain". The patient marks the pain level on the scale. The marked point is measured using a tape measure and scored. Most studies so far show that visual analogue scale (VAS) is a reliable tool to use to assess the pain level	5 minutes before the aromatherapy
The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)	In scale; there are 20 questions in the state area. It provides a four-point Likert type measurement. Scoring varies between 20-80. Although there is not a clear cut-off point, 39-40 points are often considered as the cut-off point of inventory. High score indicates high level of anxiety	5 minutes before the aromatherapy

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Istanbul Aydın University
• Collaborators: Sinop University; Acıbadem Atunizade Hospital

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): May 1, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 30, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): January 30, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 18, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 20, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): May 25, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 25, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 20, 2022
• Last Verified: May 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: pain; anxiety; aromatherapy; Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Anxiety Disorders
• Other Study ID Numbers: Orange oil aromatherapy

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO
• IPD Plan Description: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the researchers (i.e. upon rea-sonable request).

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No