Dutch Intracerebral Hemorrhage Surgery Trial (DIST)

Dutch ICH Surgery Trial; Minimally Invasive Endoscopy-guided Surgery for Spontaneous Supratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 16-19% of all strokes in Western Europe and contributes profoundly to mortality and disability. Thirty-day case fatality is 40% and of those surviving, only few gain independence. Except for stroke unit care and possibly early blood pressure lowering, there is currently no treatment of proven benefit. Surgical treatment has so far not been proven effective. In the largest trials STICH I and II, and MISTIE III, the median time to treatment was more than 24 hours, which may be an important explanation for the lack of a treatment effect. A recent meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials showed that surgical treatment may be beneficial, in particular with minimally invasive procedures and when performed early. In the Dutch ICH Surgery pilot study, we showed that early minimally invasive endoscopy-guided surgical treatment performed within 8 hours of symptom onset in patients with supratentorial ICH is safe and technically effective. We hypothesize that early minimally invasive endoscopy-guided surgery improves the outcome in patients with supratentorial spontaneous ICH.

Objectives:

1. To study whether minimally invasive endoscopy-guided surgery, in addition to standard medical management, for the treatment of spontaneous supratentorial ICH performed within 8 hours of symptom onset, improves functional outcome in comparison with standard medical management alone;
2. Determine whether patients treated with minimally invasive surgery develop less perihematomal edema on non-contrast CT at day 6 (±1 day) than controls, and whether the CT perfusion permeability surface-area product around the ICH at baseline modifies this effect (DIST-INFLAME);
3. Compare immune profiles over time in peripheral venous blood between surgically treated patients and controls (DIST-INFLAME);
4. To assess the cost-effectiveness and budget-impact of minimally invasive endoscopy-guided surgery for the treatment of spontaneous supratentorial ICH performed within 8 hours of symptom onset.

Study design: A multicenter, prospective, randomized, open, blinded endpoint clinical trial.

Study population: We aim to include 600 patients of ≥ 18 years with a spontaneous supratentorial ICH with a hematoma volume of ≥ 10 mL and a NIHSS of ≥ 2. Patients with an aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation (AVM), dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF), or cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) as cause of their ICH will be excluded based on the admission CT-angiography. Patients with a known tumor or cavernoma will also be excluded. For DIST-INFLAME (the second and third objective), we will include 200 patients; 100 randomized to intervention and 100 randomized to standard medical management.

Intervention: Patients will be randomized (1:1) to minimally invasive endoscopy-guided surgery performed within 8 hours of symptom onset in addition to standard medical management or to standard medical management alone.

Primary study outcome: the modified Rankin scale (mRS) score at 180 days. The treatment effect will be estimated with ordinal logistic regression analysis as common odds ratio, adjusted for prespecified prognostic factors.

Secondary outcomes: mRS score at 90 and 365 days; favorable outcome (defined as a mRS 0-2 and 0-3) and all other possible dichotomizations of the mRS at 90, 180 and 365 days; NIHSS at day 6 (±1 day); death, Barthel Index, EuroQol-5D-5L, SS-QOL, iMCQ, iPCQ and iVICQ at 90, 180 and 365 days. Safety outcomes will be death within 24 hours, at 7 and at 30 days and procedure-related complications within 7 days. Technical effectiveness outcomes will be percentage volume reduction based on the baseline CT and CT at 24 hours (± 6 hours), percentage of participants with clot volume reduction ≥70%, and ≥80%, and with remaining clot volume ≤10mL, and ≤15mL, and conversion to craniotomy. In DIST-INFLAME, outcomes will include perihematomal edema at 6 days (±1 day), functional outcome at 180 days and immune and metabolomic profiles at 3 (± 12 hours) and 6 days (±1 day).

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Intracerebral Hemorrhage; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Endoscopic Surgical Procedures
• Intervention / Treatment: Device: Minimally invasive endoscopy-guided surgery

Detailed Description

The full protocol is available at: http://dutch-ich.nl/

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 600
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Floor NH Wilting, MD; Phone Number: +31 24 36166 00; Email: floor.wilting@radboudumc.nl
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Catharina JM Klijn, MD PhD; Phone Number: +31 24 361 33 94; Email: karin.klijn@radboudumc.nl

Study Locations

• Netherlands
  • Amsterdam, Netherlands
    • Recruiting
    • Amsterdam University Medical Center
    • Principal Investigator: W Peter Vandertop, MD PhD
    • Sub-Investigator: Jonathan P Countinho, MD PhD
  • Enschede, Netherlands
    • Not yet recruiting
    • Medisch Spectrum Twente
    • Principal Investigator: Renate M Arntz, MD PhD
    • Sub-Investigator: Kuan H Kho, MD PhD
  • Groningen, Netherlands
    • Not yet recruiting
    • University Medical Center Groningen
    • Principal Investigator: Saloua A Akoudad, MD PhD
    • Sub-Investigator: J Marc C van Dijk, MD PhD
    • Sub-Investigator: Marieke JH Wermer, MD PhD
  • Leiden, Netherlands
    • Not yet recruiting
    • Leiden University Medical Center
    • Sub-Investigator: Wouter A Moojen, MD PhD
    • Principal Investigator: Ellis S van Etten, MD PhD
  • Maastricht, Netherlands
    • Not yet recruiting
    • Maastricht University Medical Center
    • Principal Investigator: Inger R de Ridder, MD PhD
    • Sub-Investigator: Roel Haeren, MD PhD
  • Nijmegen, Netherlands
    • Recruiting
    • Radboud University Medical Center
    • Principal Investigator: Catharina JM Klijn, MD PhD
    • Sub-Investigator: Hieronymus D Boogaarts, MD PhD
    • Sub-Investigator: Floris HBM Schreuder, MD PhD
    • Sub-Investigator: Floor NH Wilting, MD
    • Sub-Investigator: Axel Wolsink, MD
  • Rotterdam, Netherlands
    • Recruiting
    • Erasmus University Medical Center
    • Principal Investigator: Ruben Dammers, MD PhD
    • Sub-Investigator: Paula Janssen, MD
    • Sub-Investigator: Diederik WJ Dippel, MD PhD
    • Sub-Investigator: Nadia HC Colmer, MD
  • The Hague, Netherlands
    • Not yet recruiting
    • Haaglanden Medical Center
    • Principal Investigator: Wouter A Moojen, MD PhD
    • Sub-Investigator: Ido R van den Wijngaard, MD PhD
  • Tilburg, Netherlands
    • Not yet recruiting
    • Elisabeth-TweeSteden hospital
    • Principal Investigator: H Bart Brouwers, MD PhD
    • Sub-Investigator: Ben PW Jansen, MD PhD
  • Utrecht, Netherlands
    • Recruiting
    • University Medical Center Utrecht
    • Principal Investigator: Albert van der Zwan, MD PhD
    • Sub-Investigator: H Bart van der Worp, MD PhD
  • Zwolle, Netherlands
    • Recruiting
    • Isala
    • Principal Investigator: Wilmar MT Jolink, MD PhD
    • Sub-Investigator: Mahrouz Foumani, MD PhD

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age 18 years or older;
2. NIHSS ≥ 2;
3. Supratentorial non-traumatic ICH confirmed by non-contrast CT, without a CT-angiography confirmed causative vascular lesion (e.g. aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation [AVM], dural arteriovenous fistula [DAVF], cerebral venous sinus thrombosis [CVST]), or other known underlying lesion (e.g. tumor, cavernoma);
4. Minimal hematoma volume of 10 mL;
5. Intervention can be started within 8 hours of symptom onset;
6. Written informed consent (deferred).

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Considerable pre-stroke dependency in activities of daily living, defined as a pre-stroke mRS ≥3;
2. ICH-GS score ≥11;
3. Hemorrhage due to hemorrhagic transformation of an infarct;
4. Untreated coagulation abnormalities, including INR >1.3 (point of care measurement allowed), treatment with heparin and treatment with factor Xa inhibitors. Patients on vitamin K antagonist can be included after correction of the INR, and patients on dabigatran (direct thrombin inhibitor) can be included after reversal of dabigatran with idarucizumab;
5. Moribund (e.g. coning, bilateral dilated unresponsive pupils), or progressively deteriorating clinical course with imminent death;
6. Pregnancy (note: most patients will be beyond childbearing age);
7. DIST-INFLAME sub-study: patients that use immunosuppressive or immune-modulating medication.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Surgical treatment; Minimally invasive endoscopy-guided surgery in addition to standard medical management for the treatment of spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage performed within 8 hours of symptom onset.	Device: Minimally invasive endoscopy-guided surgery; The devices allowed into the trial, are minimally invasive neuronavigation integrated endoscopy-guided devices that are CE approved and admissible by the steering committee. Currently, only the Artemis Neuro Evacuation Device (Penumbra Inc, Alameda, California, USA) is available and CE approved.
No Intervention: Standard medical management; Standard medical treatment for the treatment of spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage (treatment of blood pressure, admission to stroke unit and supportive care, surgical treatment if necessary in case of deterioration).

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 180 days	Ordinal shift in functional outcome assessed with the mRS at 180 days, adjusted for prespecified prognostic factors. This is a six point scale in which a score of 0 means no symptoms at all, a higher score means more impairment, and a score of 6 means the participant is dead.	180 days (±14 days)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
mRS at 90 days		90 days (±14 days)
mRS at 365 days		365 days (±14 days)
Favorable outcome, defined as a mRS of 0-2 at 90 days		90 days (±14 days)
Favorable outcome, defined as a mRS of 0-2 at 180 days		180 days (±14 days)
Favorable outcome, defined as a mRS of 0-2 at 365 days		365 days (±14 days)
Favorable outcome, defined as a mRS of 0-3 at 90 days		90 days (±14 days)
Favorable outcome, defined as a mRS of 0-3 at 180 days		180 days (±14 days)
Favorable outcome, defined as a mRS of 0-3 at 365 days		365 days (±14 days)
All other possible dichotomizations of the mRS at 90 days		90 days (±14 days)
All other possible dichotomizations of the mRS at 180 days		180 days (±14 days)
All other possible dichotomizations of the mRS at 365 days		365 days (±14 days)
Death at 90 days		90 days (±14 days)
Death at 180 days		180 days (±14 days)
Death at 365 days		365 days (±14 days)
iMTA Medical Consumption Questionnaire (iMCQ) at 90 days		90 days (±14 days)
iMTA Medical Consumption Questionnaire (iMCQ) at 180 days		180 days (±14 days)
iMTA Medical Consumption Questionnaire (iMCQ) at 365 days		365 days (±14 days)
iMTA Productivity Cost Questionnaire (iPCQ) at 90 days		90 days (±14 days)
iMTA Productivity Cost Questionnaire (iPCQ) at 180 days		180 days (6 months)
iMTA Productivity Cost Questionnaire (iPCQ) at 365 days		365 days (±14 days)
Death within 24 hours		24 hours
Procedure related complications within 7 days		7 days
Case-fatality at 7 days		7 days
Case-fatality at 30 days		30 days
Percentage volume reduction based at 24 hours	The percentage of volume reduction based on baseline CT and CT at 24 hours (in the intervention group)	24 hours
Percentage of participants with hematoma volume reduction ≥70%	The percentage of participants in which the hematoma volume is reduced with 70% or more, based on the baseline CT and CT at 24 hours (in the intervention group)	24 hours
Percentage of participants with hematoma volume reduction ≥80%	The percentage of participants in which the hematoma volume is reduced with 80% or more, based on the baseline CT and CT at 24 hours (in the intervention group)	24 hours
Percentage of participants with remaining hematoma volume ≤10mL	The percentage of participants in which the hematoma volume is reduced to 10 mL or less, based on the baseline CT and CT at 24 hours (in the intervention group)	24 hours
Percentage of participants with remaining hematoma volume ≤15mL	The percentage of participants in which the hematoma volume is reduced to 15 mL or less, based on the baseline CT and CT at 24 hours (in the intervention group)	24 hours
Conversion to craniotomy	The percentage of participants in which a conversion to craniotomy was required and done (in the intervention group)	24 hours
National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at 6 days (±1 day)		6 days (±1 day)
Barthel Index at 90 days		90 days (±14 days)
Barthel Index at 180 days		180 days (±14 days)
Barthel Index at 365 days		365 days (±14 days)
EuroQol 5D-5L at 90 days		90 days (±14 days)
EuroQol 5D-5L at 365 days		180 days (±14 days)
EuroQol 5D-5L at 365 days		365 days (±14 days)
Stroke-Specific Quality of Life scale at 90 days		90 days (±14 days)
Stroke-Specific Quality of Life scale at 180 days		180 days (±14 days)
Stroke-Specific Quality of Life scale at 365 days		365 days (±14 days)
iMTA Valuation of Informal Care Questionnaire (iVICQ) at 90 days		90 days (±14 days)
iMTA Valuation of Informal Care Questionnaire (iVICQ) at 180 days		180 days (±14 days)
iMTA Valuation of Informal Care Questionnaire (iVICQ) at 365 days		365 days (±14 days)
Home time at 90 days		90 days (±14 days)
Home time at 180 days		180 days (±14 days)
Home time at 365 days		365 days (±14 days)
Patient location at 90 days		90 days (±14 days)
Patient location at 180 days		180 days (±14 days)
Patient location at 365 days		365 days (±14 days)

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Perihematomal edema at 6 days (±1 day)	DIST-INFLAME sub-study: Perihematomal edema assessed on non-contrast CT at 6 days (±1 day)	6 days (±1 day)
Immune and metabolomic profiles in venous blood at 3 days	DIST-INFLAME sub-study: Immune and metabolomic profiles in venous blood at 3 days	3 days
Immune and metabolomic profiles in venous blood at 6 days (±1 day)	DIST-INFLAME sub-study: Immune and metabolomic profiles in venous blood at 6 days (±1 day)	6 days (±1 day)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Radboud University Medical Center
• Collaborators: ZonMw: The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development; Penumbra Inc.; Dutch National Health Care Institute
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Catharina JM Klijn, MD PhD, Radboud University Medical Center; Principal Investigator: Ruben Dammers, MD PhD, Erasmus Medical Center

Publications and helpful links

Helpful Links

• Website of the Dutch ICH Surgery Trial (DIST)

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 3, 2022
• Primary Completion (Estimated): October 1, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): April 1, 2027

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 12, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 12, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): July 15, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): October 16, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 12, 2023
• Last Verified: October 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Intracerebral Hemorrhage; Surgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive; Surgical Procedures, Endoscopic
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Cardiovascular Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Intracranial Hemorrhages; Hemorrhage; Cerebral Hemorrhage
• Other Study ID Numbers: NL80112.078.22

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES
• IPD Plan Description: De-identified data may be shared with other parties to maximize the usefulness of the collected research data. Data can be requested from the principal investigators with a detailed description of the objectives and methods of the study for which the data is intended. Data will be made available for this purpose at least 18 months after the publication of the main report. Data may also be shared with non-commercial parties for scientific purposes, including individual patient meta-analyses, and with the commercial parties involved in this study as manufacturers of minimally invasive neuronavigation integrated endoscopy-guided devices. For these purposes, specific consent will be asked from the participants. In addition, specific consent will be asked for sharing of de-identified data outside of the European Union.
• IPD Sharing Time Frame: at least 18 months after the publication of the main report.
• IPD Sharing Access Criteria: Written proposals will be assessed by DIST investigators for appropriateness of use, and a data sharing agreement in accordance with Dutch regulations will be put in place before data is shared.

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: Yes
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: Yes