Autonomous Blood Drawing Optimization and Performance Testing (ADOPT)

August 12, 2026 updated by: Vitestro B.V.

The purpose of this pre-market clinical study is to evaluate the performance (efficacy) and safety of an autonomous blood drawing device (Venipuncture Device).

The study consists of several phases (A, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3, 0).

Phase B1 is a confirmatory, Pivotal Clinical Study, required for regulatory approval, in which non-inferiority should be demonstrated in comparison to manual blood drawing.

Phases A, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3 are all exploratory studies, in which the technology and usability is further improved and tested. Phase 0 is an exploratory study for non-invasive technology testing (for example for improvement of ultrasound detection).

The study locations are outpatient blood drawing departments, in which patients are included as subjects. Additionally, in Phase A and C1, a small number of volunteers can be included in a non-hospital site (Vitestro Site).

Study Overview

Status

Recruiting

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

44658

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

      • Copenhagen, Denmark, 2400
        • Recruiting
        • Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital
        • Contact:
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Nicolai W Albrechtsen, PhD
      • Odense, Denmark, 5000
        • Recruiting
        • Odense University Hospital
        • Contact:
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Mads Nybo, PhD
    • North Holland
      • Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands, 1105 AZ
        • Recruiting
        • Amsterdam UMC
        • Contact:
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Robert de Jonge, prof. PhD
      • Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands, 1091 AC
        • Recruiting
        • OLVG Lab
        • Contact:
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Martine Deckers, PhD
    • South Holland
      • Dordrecht, South Holland, Netherlands, 3318 AT
        • Recruiting
        • Result Laboratorium, location Albert Schweitzer Hospital
        • Contact:
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Michael Fouraux, PhD
    • Utrecht
      • Nieuwegein, Utrecht, Netherlands, 3435CM
        • Recruiting
        • St. Antonius Hospital
        • Contact:
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Thijs van Holten, PhD
      • Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, 3526KS
        • Not yet recruiting
        • Vitestro
        • Contact:
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Luuk Giesen, MD

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age ≥16 years.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Unable to follow instructions, due to mental disability and/or incapacity
  • Unable to use device correctly due to physical impairment or disability (for example a patient with severe contractures or deformities)
  • No venipuncture possible in cubital fossa of both arms (for example: after amputation of both arms)
  • No venipuncture possible in cubital fossa due to contra-indications in both arms (for example: tattoos in both arms)
  • Incapacitated persons
  • Pregnant or breast-feeding

The following contra-indications / exclusion criteria are respected per arm:

  • Arteriovenous fistula or vascular graft
  • Paretic or paralyzed arm (e.g. after stroke or trauma)
  • Infected skin in cubital fossa (for example: erysipelas or cellulitis)
  • Mastectomy side, axillary lymph node excised
  • Healed skin burns in cubital fossa
  • Edema in cubital fossa
  • Extensive scarring in cubital fossa
  • Hematoma in cubital fossa
  • Tattoos in cubital fossa

In case the test subject has a suitable contralateral arm, the subject can be included in this study. In Study Phase B2 or B3, venipunctures are performed in both arms. Patients who have a contra-indication in one arm are excluded from the Phase B2 and Phase B3 study.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Autonomous blood drawing

Hospital Sites (outpatients visiting blood drawing department):

In study Phase A, B1, B2, C1, a subject visiting the outpatient blood drawing department will receive one automated blood draw with the Venipuncture Device. This blood draw is additional to the manual blood draw.

In study Phase C2 and Phase C3 the automated blood draw replaces the manual blood draw. In both Phases, the subject might therefore receive two automated blood draws, in case a redraw is required. In study Phase B3, the automated blood draw also replaces the manual blood draw. The subject will receive two automated blood draws.

Vitestro Site (volunteers):

In study Phase A, C1 volunteers visit Vitestro Site. Participants receive one to two automated blood draws.

The Venipuncture Device is a pre-market medical device that fully automates the blood drawing procedure (also called phlebotomy or venipuncture). It automatically detects a vein using near-infrared and ultrasound imaging technology, robotically inserts a needle, automatically connects blood tubes and applies pressure to the puncture site.

During the ADOPT Study, the technology is further improved over time; for example features are released (such as: automated tourniquet). Initially, several manual steps are required to be performed by a device supervisor and operator. At the final stage of the ADOPT Study, Phase C2 and Phase C3, the device has full functionality and only limited manual steps are required to be performed by a device supervisor.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
First-time venipuncture success rate
Time Frame: Baseline

Phase A/B1/C1:

Success is defined as blood flowing into blood tubes at first attempt; Failure is defined as no blood flowing in the blood tubes at all at first attempt.

Phase C2/C3: All blood tubes are filled sufficiently, no second venipuncture is required to obtain (all) the samples.

Phase B2/B3: study phase is focused on analytical validation of samples drawn with the device. First-time venipuncture success rate is not the primary endpoint for these Phases.

Baseline

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Adverse Events
Time Frame: 7 days
Number and type of Adverse Events (AE)s and Device Adverse Effects (ADEs) will be recorded and collected. A passive one week (7 days) follow-up occurs to determine whether any delayed adverse events occur.
7 days
Rate of punctured participants
Time Frame: Baseline
Phase A/B1/C1: The total number of participants that are punctured by the device is divided by the total number of included participants.
Baseline
Rate of hemolyzed samples
Time Frame: Baseline
All samples with an (automated) hemolysis-index of >0.5 hemoglobin g/L, are classified as hemolyzed. In the laboratories where reporting occurs in umol/L, 0.5 g/L is divided by a factor: 0.5 g/L / 1.6129= 31 umol/L.
Baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Luuk Giesen, MD, Vitestro B.V.

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

July 21, 2023

Primary Completion (Estimated)

December 31, 2029

Study Completion (Estimated)

December 31, 2029

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

May 17, 2023

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 17, 2023

First Posted (Actual)

May 26, 2023

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

August 14, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

August 12, 2026

Last Verified

August 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

  • NL80965.000.22

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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