Examining the Validity and Reliability of the Dresden Falls Questionnaire in Patients With Parkinson's Diagnosis Living in Turkey (DREFAQ)

August 25, 2025 updated by: Emel Mete, Istanbul Medeniyet University
The aim of this study is to adapt the Dresden Falls Questionnaire scale (DREFAQ) to Turkish society and to make its validity and reliability in Turkish. The DREFAQ) scale developed by Frank, Anika, et al assesses falls in patients with Parkinson. It has 5 questions. This study will be conducted with Parkinson patients. The patients will be sought to answer questionnaires during regular rehabilitation sessions. 50 participants will be included in the study. In order to evaluate the validity of the DREFAQ, the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES), which can evaluate the efficacy of falls and has been validated in Turkish, and the Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life (PDQOL) questionnaire, which can evaluate the quality of life and has been validated in Turkish, will be used. Scales will be repeated after 15 days to assess test-retest reliability.

Study Overview

Detailed Description

The reliability and validity of the scale will begin with language equivalence and cultural adaptation. The scale will be translated from English to Turkish by two people who are fluent in Turkish and English. A single Turkish translation will be obtained from these two Turkish translations with a common opinion.

The scale, which has been translated into Turkish, will be translated into English by two other people who are fluent in Turkish and English. The scale translated into English will be compared with the original. If the developer of the scale, Frank, Anika, et al approves the translation of the scale, participants will be recruited for the study. In the pre-trial phase, a reassessment will be conducted with 15 participants to test the intelligibility of the scale. Based on the results of the pre-test phase, the final version of DREFAQ will be able to be modified. The data of DREFAQ are collecting through face-to-face when the patients came to the rehabilitation center. 50 participants will be included in the study.

In order to evaluate the validity of the DREFAQ, the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES), which can evaluate the efficacy of falls and has been validated in Turkish, and the Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life (PDQOL) questionnaire, which can evaluate the quality of life and has been validated in Turkish, will be used. Scales will be repeated after 15 days to assess test-retest reliability.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

64

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

      • Istanbul, Turkey (Türkiye), 34720
        • İstanbul Medeniyet University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Parkinson patients who are aged 18-80 years with Hoehn & Yahr score between 1-4 and able to speak and read Turkish.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Individuals with a Hoehn & Yahr score between 1-4,
  • Individuals who can ambulate with or without assistive equipment,
  • Individuals with a Mini Mental State Examination score of >24,
  • Individuals with a history of falling at least once in the last year,

Exclusion Criteria:

  • communication or cognitive problems,
  • aphasia and speech disorders
  • unstable medical conditions

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Intervention / Treatment
Parkinson Patients
Parkinson patients who are aged 18-80 years with Hoehn & Yahr scale between 1-4 and able to speak and read Turkish, will recruit to the study.
• The aim of this study is to adapt the Dresden Falls Questionnaire scale (DREFAQ)scale to Turkish society and to make its validity and reliability in Turkish. It has 5 questions. This study will be conducted with Parkinson patients. The patients will be sought to answer questionnaires during regular rehabilitation sessions.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Falls
Time Frame: Baseline
Falls will be assessed with the Dresden Falls Questionnaire scale (DREFAQ). DREFAQ consists of 5 items in total. Items 1 to 4 are scored from 0 to 3. The total score of the DREFAQ is calculated by summing the first 4 items (0-12). The location of the injury (from item 4) and the circumstances (item 5) are not used in the score calculation but provide additional qualitative information. Higher scores indicate a high risk of falling.
Baseline
Falls Efficacy
Time Frame: Baseline
Falls efficacy will be assessed with the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES) scale. The MFES consists of 14 items in total. Items are scored from 0 (not sure of himself/herself) to 10 (totally confident). Total score is between 0-140. Lower scores indicate a high risk of falling.
Baseline

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL)
Time Frame: Baseline
Ouality of life will be assessed with the Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life (PDQOL) questionnaire. It consists of 8 questions in total. Items are scored 0 to 4. Total score is between 0-32. Higher scores indicate lower quality of life.
Baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

October 15, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

December 15, 2024

Study Completion (Actual)

March 30, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

October 4, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

October 4, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

October 8, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimated)

September 2, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

August 25, 2025

Last Verified

August 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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