Turkish Adaptation, Validity and Reliability Study of the Athlete Disability Index Questionnaire (ADI_Turkish)

Turkish Adaptation, Validity and Reliability Study

This survey study aims to analyze the cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability of a scale originally in English and currently being translated into Turkish, which allows athletes with low back pain to assess their functional disabilities in sports and exercise activities as well as their disabilities in daily living activities. Athletes with low back pain will be asked to fill out 3 questionnaires.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Low Back Pain; Disability; Sport; Athlete
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Survey using a questionnaire.

Detailed Description

In the study, firstly, the translation of the Athlete Disability Index Questionnaire (ADI) into the target language, comparison of the two translated versions of the scale, back translation of the preliminary version, synthesis, pilot test of the pre-final version and psychometric test studies will be carried out by 3 independent translators and 2 linguists in 6 stages.

Then, 120 athletes with low back pain will be asked to fill out the ADI, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) and Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index (ODI). 7 days later, the ADI will be filled out again by 60 athletes.

After the surveys are completed, the structural validity of the scale will be tested, and reliability will be measured by performing test-retest reliability and internal consistency analyses.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 120

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey (Türkiye)
  • Beykoz
    • Istanbul, Beykoz, Turkey (Türkiye), 34810
      • Gülay Aras Bayram

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Male and female elite athletes from different sports with low back pain

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Low back pain that has persisted for at least 6 weeks
• Pain that worsens with changes in posture, movement, or physical activity
• Elite athletes with a regular training/match schedule of more than 10 hours per week

Exclusion Criteria:

• Not knowing Turkish
• Acute inflammatory conditions
• Acute musculoskeletal trauma
• Long-term corticosteroid use

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Athlete Disability Index Questionnaire (ADI)	The Athlete Disability Index Questionnaire (ADI) is a self-administered questionnaire to assess disability related to low back pain in athletes. The ADI measures athletes' functional disability in activities of daily living as well as their disability in sports and exercise activities. The ADI consists of 12 questions that include pain intensity, stretching exercises, strengthening/weight training exercises, sport-specific skills (technical skills), rotational waist movements/changing direction, fear of pain or re-injury, sitting, walking, recreational activities, sexual activity, sleep, and personal care (ability to put on socks and shoes, ability to go to the bathroom). Each question is scored from 0 to 3, with higher scores indicating a more severe condition.	7 days

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index (ODI)	Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index (ODI) is a Likert-type scale that questions pain intensity, personal care, lifting, walking, sitting, standing, sleeping, sexual life, social life and traveling in 10 items. Each item is scored between 0-5 (0: normal, 5: maximum difficulty) and the total score is 50. In it's calculation; (Final score = [total score] / [(number of marked questions) x5] x 100) formula is used to convert it to a percentage system. A high percentage indicates that the level of disability perceived by the patient is also high. Turkish validity and reliability study has been conducted.	1 day
Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ)	Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ): This scale, which was developed by selecting 24 of the 136 items of the Disease Impact Profile, evaluates activity level, daily living activities, eating and sleeping. Yes is scored as 1, no is scored as 0, and a higher total score indicates worse functionality. A Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Küçükdeveci et al.	1 day

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Medipol University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Gülay Aras Bayram, PhD, Medipol University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Zamani E, Kordi R, Nourian R, Noorian N, Memari AH, Shariati M. Low back pain functional disability in athletes; conceptualization and initial development of a questionnaire. Asian J Sports Med. 2014 Dec;5(4):e24281. doi: 10.5812/asjsm.24281. Epub 2014 Nov 10.

Helpful Links

• Link to the original article of the ADI survey

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): February 27, 2025
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 2, 2025
• Study Completion (Actual): June 10, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 20, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 20, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): November 22, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 20, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 19, 2025
• Last Verified: November 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Back Pain; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Signs and Symptoms; Low Back Pain
• Other Study ID Numbers: 20112024

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No