Drug-Coated Balloon Versus Drug-Eluting Stent in Patient With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (DCB-STEMI)

Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a life-threatening emergency requiring immediate intervention. The incidence of premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) is rising rapidly in China; its long-term prognosis remains poor and it frequently progresses to acute myocardial infarction, necessitating high-risk therapies such as primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting, thereby imposing enormous economic and psychological burdens on patients and their families. Moreover, the cumulative 6-year rate of death or myocardial infarction after implantation of the latest-generation drug-eluting stents still reaches 15%, and management of stent failure is extremely challenging. Drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty-representing the "leave-nothing-behind" paradigm-is a highly promising option in young subjects. Accumulating clinical evidence demonstrates that DCB provides favorable efficacy across a broad spectrum of lesions, including small-vessel and large-vessel de novo disease, bifurcation lesions, and in-stent restenosis. Nevertheless, high-quality data on the impact of DCB angioplasty in de novo large-vessel disease and in the setting of acute STEMI are still lacking.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)
• Intervention / Treatment: Device: Drug-coated balloon (DCB); Device: Drug-eluting stent (DES)

Detailed Description

Objectives of Study:

Compare the clinical outcomes of drug-coated balloon (DCB) and drug-eluting stent (DES) treatment in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Design of Study:

Investigator-Initiated，Open Label，Prospective，Multicenter，Randomized Clinical Trial.

Patients Selected： This study aims to STEMI patients who have successfully completed lesion pretreatment in multiple medical centers in China. Patients who meet the inclusion criteria and have no exclusion criteria will be randomly assigned 1:1 to the drug coated balloon group and drug eluting stent group, totaling 1244 cases (622 cases per group).

Primary Endpoints:

Patient-oriented composite endpoints (POCE) within 12 months, including all-cause mortality, any myocardial infarction, any stroke, and any revascularization.

Hypothesis:

The 12-month POCE rate in the DCB group of STEMI patients is not inferior to that of the DES group.

Sample's Size:

Sample size calculation based on the event rates of previous trials. DES group had a predetermined events' rate of 8.0%, the DCB group had a predetermined events' rate of 6.3%.

• Design: Non-inferiority, delta=2.5%
• Ratio of Specimen: DCB : DES= 1:1
• Type I Error (α): Single side 2.5%
• Duration of Participation: 2 years
• Setting: The 12-month clinical events' rates for the DCB group and DES group were 6.3% and 8.0%, respectively.
• Statistical Testing Efficiency (1- β): 80%
• Main Statistical Methods: Kaplan-meier survival analysis using log rank testing
• Dropout Rate: 5% of all the patients Based on the above assumptions and dropout rate, we need to include a total of 1244 cases (622 cases per group).

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 1244
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Jucheng Zhang; Phone Number: +8618768146640; Email: jucheng@zju.edu.cn

Study Locations

• China
  • Zhejiang
    • Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
      • Recruiting
      • Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
      • Contact: Chi Liu; Phone Number: +8615950550839; Email: liuchi1011@163.com

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. . Age of Patients ≥18 years old;
2. Acute myocardial infarction patients with onset symptoms<48 hours require emergency PCI;
3. . Diagnosis: Chest pain and other ischemic symptoms accompanied by ST segment elevation in at least two adjacent leads on electrocardiogram (① V2 or V3 lead: male<40 years ≥ 0.25mV, ≥ 40 years ≥ 0.2mV; Female ≥1.5mV；② Other leads ≥ 1mV), or new left bundle branch block occurs;
4. Criminal blood vessels with clear requirements for emergency PCI;
5. Coronary artery in situ lesions, with a visual reference lumen diameter of ≥ 2mm and ≤ 4mm; Lesion's length<40mm；
6. After thrombus aspiration and pre dilation, the lesion stenosis is ≤ 50% and there is no C-type or above dissection.
7. He/she or his/her legal representative voluntarily participates in this study and signs an informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. The patient has allergies or contraindications to the following medications: Heparin, Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Prasugrel, Ticagrelor, Cilostazol, Indobufen, Contrast Medias (Patients with clear contrast agent allergies such as rash but can be controlled with effective drugs such as glucocorticoids and diphenhydramine in advance can be selected);
2. The patient has active pathological bleeding;
3. History of significant gastrointestinal or urogenital bleeding or bleeding tendency within 3 months prior to surgery, known coagulation disorders (including heparin induced thrombocytopenia);
4. Patients who are pregnant or have the intention to become pregnant during the period of research;
5. Non cardiogenic combined lesions show an expected life expectancy of less than one year;
6. Left main trunk's stenosis ≥ 50%
7. History of coronary artery bypass grafting in the past;
8. Intubation or mechanical ventilation status;
9. . Cardiogenic Shock
10. . Without signature on informed consent

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: DCB group; STEMI patients undergo revascularization using DCB	Device: Drug-coated balloon (DCB); Drug-coated balloon treatment of target lesions in patients with STEMI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.
Active Comparator: DES group; STEMI patients undergo revascularization using DES	Device: Drug-eluting stent (DES); Drug-eluting stent treatment of target lesions in patients with STEMI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Incidence of patient-oriented composite endpoints (POCE) (Direct measurement and coronary angiography)	POCE including all-cause mortality, any stroke, any myocardial infarction (MI), and any revascularization, will be obtained through follow-up of subjects.	12 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Incidence of target vessel failure (Direct measurement and coronary angiography)	Target vessel failure (a composite of cardiac death, target-vessel MI, or target vessel revascularization) will be obtained through follow-up of subjects.	12 months
Incidence of all-cause mortality (Direct measurement)	All-cause mortality will be obtained through follow-up of subjects.	36 months, 60 months
Incidence of non-fatal MI (Direct measurement)	Non-fatal MI will be obtained through follow-up of subjects.	36 months, 60 months
Incidence of any revascularization (coronary angiography)	Any revascularization will be obtained through follow-up of subjects.	36 months, 60 months
Incidence of all-cause and cardiac death (Direct measurement)	All-cause and cardiac death will be obtained through follow-up of subjects.	12 months, 36 months, 60 months
Incidence of any non-fatal MI without peri-procedural MI (Direct measurement)	Any non-fatal MI without peri-procedural MI will be obtained through follow-up of subjects.	12 months, 36 months, 60 months
Incidence of any non-fatal MI with peri-procedural MI (Direct measurement)	Any non-fatal MI with peri-procedural MI will be obtained through follow-up of subjects.	12 months, 36 months, 60 months
Incidence of any target vessel/lesion revascularization (Coronary angiography)	Any target vessel/lesion revascularization will be obtained through follow-up of subjects.	12 months, 36 months, 60 months
Incidence of any non-target vessel/lesion revascularization (Coronary angiography)	Any non-target vessel/lesion revascularization will be obtained through follow-up of subjects.	12 months, 36 months, 60 months
Incidence of any revascularization (ischemia-driven or all) (Coronary angiography)	Any revascularization (ischemia-driven or all) will be obtained through follow-up of subjects.	12 months, 36 months, 60 months
Incidence of non-fatal stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic) (Direct measurement)	Non-fatal stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic) will be obtained through follow-up of subjects.	12 months, 36 months, 60 months
Incidence of patient-oriented composite endpoints (POCE) (Direct measurement and coronary angiography)	POCE including all-cause mortality, any stroke, any myocardial infarction (MI), and any revascularization, will be obtained through follow-up of subjects.	36 months, 60 months
CRP and POCE	Prognostic value of CRP on POCE	12 months, 36 months, 60 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
• Collaborators: Peking University First Hospital; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Suzhou Municipal Hospital; First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University
• Investigators: Study Director: Jun Jiang, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): May 31, 2025
• Primary Completion (Estimated): January 1, 2032
• Study Completion (Estimated): January 1, 2032

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 9, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 18, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): December 19, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): January 29, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 27, 2026
• Last Verified: May 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Drug-eluting stent; Drug-coated balloon; ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Vascular Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Pathologic Processes; Heart Diseases; Infarction; Necrosis; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Infarction; Ischemia; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction; Equipment and Supplies; Prostheses and Implants; Stents; Drug-Eluting Stents
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2024-0936

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No