Understanding End User Preferences for Hand Hygiene Enabling Technologies in Urban and Peri-urban Lusaka Zambia (HHET)

Understanding End User Preferences for Hand Hygiene Enabling Technologies in Urban and Peri-Urban Lusaka Zambia

The goal of this study is to explore the perceived attributes, acceptability, and use of various improved handwashing facility designs.

The study aimed to establish what are the characteristics of handwashing facilities (attributes) that are prioritized among various groups of potential end users and how do existing improved HWF designs rank according to these preferences? Also how acceptable are promising HWF designs among multiple groups of potential end users in a real-world setting, how do potential users adapt and modify existing HWF for use in their homes.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Handwashing

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 37

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Zambia
  • Lusaka, Zambia, 10101
    • George Health Centre

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: N/A

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The study will be based in two peri urban communities located in the western part of Lusaka, George and Matero compounds. George and Matero compounds located geographically next to each other have over 320,000 residents with the majority of residents accessing water from water kiosks that are managed by the local council. Some residents still access water from shallow wells that are generally heavily contaminated and polluted.

Matero and George compounds are characterized by dense, informal settlement patterns, where housing is unplanned and access to WASH is an ongoing challenge. Water supply from the municipality is largely provided through communal boreholes accessed during limited times in a day at a minimal fee. Where affordability is a challenge, residents often resort to using unprotected shallow wells as their main source of water. During the rainy season flooding is common because of unplanned housing and poor drainage systems. Residents mostly rely o

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Living within the designated study area
• Meeting category requirements (i.e adult male, adult women, caregivers of under 5 or elderly (>65)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Not from within designated area
• Less than 18 years of age

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

4

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Adult Men; Focus group of adult men
Adult Women; Focus Group of Adult Women
Elderly > 65 Years; Focus groups of Elderly above 65 years of age
Caregivers of Under5; Focus groups of Caregivers of children under five (5)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Attribute Identification	Determine the attributes of handwashing facilities that are important to end users using focus group discussions	Same day
Handwashing facility ranking	Ranking of handwashing facilities based on attributes identified by end users	Same day

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia
• Collaborators: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): October 1, 2023
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 30, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): November 30, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 24, 2025
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 24, 2025
• First Posted (Actual): March 30, 2025

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 30, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 24, 2025
• Last Verified: March 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: handwashing facility attributes; handwashing facility ranking
• Other Study ID Numbers: HHET

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No