Aerobic and Resistance Training in Post-CABG Patients

Effect of Combination Aerobic and Resistance Training on Diaphragm Excursion Value and Pulmonary Functions in Post Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Patients

This study investigates the effect of combined aerobic and resistance training using resistance bands on diaphragmatic excursion and pulmonary function (FVC, FEV₁, PEF) in post-CABG patients undergoing phase II cardiac rehabilitation.

Study Overview

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Conditions: Coronary Artery Disease; Post Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Combination of aerobic training (treadmill walking) and resistance training

Detailed Description

This quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design evaluates the impact of a 6-week structured aerobic and resistance training program using resistance bands on the diaphragm excursion and pulmonary function. Conducted at the rehabilitation polyclinics of Hasan Sadikin and Al Ihsan hospitals, this study includes post-CABG patients meeting specific inclusion criteria. Intervention is performed twice a week and includes treadmill walking and upper/lower limb resistance exercises. Outcomes will be assessed via ultrasound for diaphragm excursion and spirometry for lung function.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 15
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Dian M. Sari, MD., M.Sc., Ph.D; Phone Number: +62 812 2181 2279; Email: dian.marta@unpad.ac.id
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Nurul Aini, MD; Phone Number: +62 856 4079 0029; Email: drnurulaini06@gmail.com

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients post-CABG surgery maximum 12 weeks after the procedure
2. Age 40-65 years
3. Visual and hearing health
4. Ready to participate in research and sign informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Blood pressure greater than 160 mmHg for systolic and diastolic blood pressure greater than 100 mmHg
2. Patients with contraindications to aerobic and resistance training, such as fractures that limit movement.
3. Patients undergoing other therapies that may affect diaphragmatic muscle measurement results, such as electrical diaphragmatic stimulation.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Aerobic and Resistance Training Group	Other: Combination of aerobic training (treadmill walking) and resistance training; Combination of aerobic training (treadmill walking) and resistance training using resistance bands for deltoid, biceps, triceps, and quadriceps muscles. Conducted twice weekly for 6 weeks (12 sessions). Tools include treadmill and theraband loop bands.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Diaphragm Excursion (cm)	The vertical movement of the diaphragm during the respiratory cycle shows the function and mobility of the diaphragm in the process of pulmonary ventilation. The data obtained is expressed in cm. Measured via ultrasound.	Baseline to Week 6

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)	Lung function Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) is commonly assessed through spirometry and measured in liters (L) FVC: This measures the total volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a full inhalation. FVC values less than 80% of the predicted value are indicative of restrictive respiratory impairments, where the lungs cannot fully expand. FVC values equal to or greater than 80% are considered normal.	Baseline to Week 6
Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1)	Lung function Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) is commonly assessed through spirometry and measured in liters (L) FEV1: This represents the air volume a person can forcefully exhale in the first second of a breath.	Baseline to Week 6
Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)	Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) is a spirometric parameter that measures the maximum airflow achieved at the beginning of a forced expiration, expressed in liters per second or minute. It reflects the function of the large airways and expiratory muscle strength. PEF interpretation is based on the percentage of predicted values according to age, sex, and height: ≥80% is considered normal, 60-79% indicates a mild reduction, 40-59% moderate reduction, and <40% signifies a severe reduction.	Baseline to Week 6

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Universitas Padjadjaran
• Collaborators: Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Dian M Sari, MD., M.Sc., Ph.D, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Estimated): August 1, 2025
• Primary Completion (Estimated): April 1, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): July 30, 2026

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 9, 2025
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 19, 2025
• First Posted (Actual): June 24, 2025

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 24, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 19, 2025
• Last Verified: June 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Vascular Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Heart Diseases; Arteriosclerosis; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Coronary Disease; Myocardial Ischemia; Coronary Artery Disease
• Other Study ID Numbers: IKFR-202506.01

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No