Laser-Based Map Tests in Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome

Validity and Reliability of Neuroscience-Based Visual Laser Feedback Map Tests in Individuals With Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome

This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of neuroscience-based visual laser feedback map tests in individuals with Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome (MCRS). The developed assessment protocol integrates visuospatial processing, reaction time, and upper extremity motor control within a single task. Construct validity will be examined through correlations with reaction time and proprioception measurements, and test-retest reliability will be assessed to determine measurement consistency.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome; Cognitive-Motor Interaction; Sensorimotor Performance

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Estimated): 35

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Ebru Tekin, Lecturer; Phone Number: +90 266 614 69 11; Email: ebrutekin123@gmail.com

Study Locations

• Turkey (Türkiye)
  • Bigadiç
    • Balıkesir, Bigadiç, Turkey (Türkiye)
      • Recruiting
      • Balikesir University
      • Contact: Ebru Tekin; Phone Number: +90 266 614 69 11; Email: ebrutekin123@gmail.com

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and above diagnosed with Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome will be recruited from the Tazelenme University Coordination Unit in Balıkesir, Turkey. The study population represents individuals at risk of cognitive decline but without diagnosed dementia, enabling the evaluation of early-stage cognitive-motor interaction.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Aged ≥65 years Diagnosis of Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome (subjective cognitive complaint + slow gait) Living independently in the community Able to understand and perform test procedures

Exclusion Criteria:

Diagnosed dementia Severe psychiatric disorders Advanced visual impairments (e.g., macular degeneration, severe cataract) Neurological disorders affecting motor control Severe tremor or ataxia interfering with task performance

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

1

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome Group; Community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and above diagnosed with Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome (MCRS) will be included. Participants will undergo neuroscience-based visual-laser feedback map tests along with reaction time and proprioception assessments under standardized conditions. No therapeutic intervention will be applied.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Visual-laser feedback map test performance	Performance parameters including completion time (seconds), reaction time (milliseconds), movement accuracy, and total performance score obtained from the figure-of-eight tracing and directional target tracking tasks.	Baseline

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Reaction time	Reaction time will be assessed using the Light Trainer system. The response time to visual stimuli will be recorded in milliseconds.	Baseline
Shoulder proprioception	Shoulder joint position sense will be assessed using the joint repositioning test. Absolute error will be recorded in degrees.	Baseline
Test-retest reliability	Test-retest reliability of the visual-laser feedback map tests will be evaluated using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC).	Baseline and 7-day follow-up
Measurement error	Measurement error will be calculated using the Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) and Minimal Detectable Change (MDC).	Baseline and 7-day follow-up

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Balikesir University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Pinzón-Ríos, I. D., & Moreno-Collazos, J. E. (2020). Neural aging, brain plasticity and exercise: Advances from a physiotherapy perspective. Archivos de Medicina (Manizales), 20(1), 188-202.
• Koo, T. K., & Li, M. Y. (2016). A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 15(2), 155-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2016.02.012
• Shadmehr, R., & Krakauer, J. W. (2008). A computational neuroanatomy for motor control. Experimental Brain Research, 185(3), 359-381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-008-1280-5
• Moinuddin, A., Goel, A., & Sethi, Y. (2021). The role of augmented feedback on motor learning: A systematic review. Cureus, 13(11), e19695. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.19695
• Clark, D. J. (2015). Automaticity of walking: Functional significance, mechanisms, measurement and rehabilitation strategies. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9, 246. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00246
• Seidler, R. D., Bernard, J. A., Burutolu, T. B., et al. (2010). Motor control and aging: Links to age-related brain structural, functional, and biochemical effects. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 34(5), 721-733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.10.005

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): April 15, 2026
• Primary Completion (Actual): April 28, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): July 15, 2026

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 1, 2026
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 1, 2026
• First Posted (Actual): May 7, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 7, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 1, 2026
• Last Verified: May 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: 2026/47

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No