Laser Modification of Dental Implant Abutment Surfaces

Impact of Surface Modification of Abutments of Dental Implants by Laser on Soft Tissue Seal (A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial)

Introduction: Tight soft tissue integration to the dental implants is essential to achieve a successful outcome of dental implants. Contamination by oral bacteria of the implant-mucosa interface can result in gingival recession, pocket formation, and bone resorption. There are many surface modification strategies to reinforce the soft tissue seal to dental implants. One of these strategies is laser technology. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of laser-induced roughness of titanium surfaces of final abutments on the connective tissue seal to the dental implant. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four pure titanium abutments of dental implants will be evaluated in this study. The abutments will be divided into 2 groups: group A will be treated with ND: YAG laser, and group B will not be treated with a laser as a control group. After 3 months, evaluation will be done by measuring peri-implant probing depth, modified gingival index, bleeding index, plaque index, and patient satisfaction.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Dental Implants
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: ND: YAG laser; Other: Machined abutment

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 24
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Egypt
  • Alexandria, Egypt
    • Outpatient Clinic of Periodontology and Oral medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• An informed consent will be signed from all the volunteers and they will be informed with all the steps, risk and benefits regarding the study.
• Patients having osseointegrated implants ready to receive final abutment.

Exclusion Criteria:

• The presence of chronic systemic disease.
• Smoking of more than 10 cigarettes per day.
• Bruxism habits.
• Alcohol or drug abuse.
• Poor oral hygiene.
• Pregnancy

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Control Group	Other: Machined abutment; will include twelve abutments which will be left machined (as received from the manufacturer) to serve as controls.
Experimental: Study group	Other: ND: YAG laser; This will include twelve titanium abutments treated by ND: YAG laser with an output power 4 W, representing 80mJ for a period of 5 seconds (20).

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
change in peri-implant probing depth	Desirable probing depths around dental implants are 2.5mm to 4mm. Peri-implantitis is often defined by the incidence of peri-implant probing depth ≥ 5 mm associated with bleeding on probing	up to 3 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
change in Modified gingival index (MGI)	the scoring will be as follows: 0 = absence of inflammation,; = mild inflammation; slight change in color, little change in color; little change in texture of any portion of the marginal or papillary gingival unit,; = mild inflammation; criteria as above but involving the entire marginal or papillary gingival unit,; = moderate inflammation; glazing, redness, edema, and/or hypertrophy of the marginal or papillary gingival unit,; = severe inflammation; marked redness, edema and/or hypertrophy of the marginal or papillary gingival unit, spontaneous bleeding, congestion, or ulceration	up to 3 months
chaneg in Bleeding index (BI)	The Bleeding Index (modified Index of Saxton), will be performed by using a dental probe. The probe will be engaged approximately 1 millimetre (mm) into the gingival crevice. A moderate pressure will be used while sweeping. The scoring system is as follows: 0 = no bleeding after 30 seconds, 1 = bleeding upon probing after 30 seconds, 2 = immediate bleeding observed	up to 3 months
change in Plaque index	0 = no plaque. 1 = separate flecks of plaque at the cervical margin of the tooth. 2 = a thin continuous band of plaque (up to 1 mm) at the cervical margin of the tooth. 3 = a band of plaque wider than 1 mm but covering less than one-third of the crown of the tooth, 4= more than 1/3 but less than 2/3 of the tooth is covered with plaque , 5 indicated that more than 2/3 of the tooth surface is covered with plaque	up to 3 months
Patient satisfaction	Patient satisfaction will be assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS)	up to 3 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Alexandria University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): June 15, 2025
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 25, 2025
• Study Completion (Actual): December 30, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 19, 2026
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 19, 2026
• First Posted (Actual): August 21, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): August 21, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 19, 2026
• Last Verified: August 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Equipment and Supplies; Lasers; Optical Devices; Radiation Equipment and Supplies; Lasers, Solid-State
• Other Study ID Numbers: 1078-05/2025

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No