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The Effect of Diet Composition on Performance, Expenditure, Blood Lipids, and Appetite Hormones in Highly Trained Cyclists (DCAP)

4. oktober 2021 opdateret af: Meena Shah, Texas Christian University

The Effect of Diet Composition on Performance, Energy Expenditure, Blood Lipids and Lipoproteins, and Cognitive Function and Mood States in Highly Trained Cyclists

This study employs a crossover design to evaluate the effect of two different diets (high carbohydrate vs. ketogenic) and corresponding test meals on endurance exercise performance, energy expenditure including resting metabolic rate and thermic effect of food, postprandial responses of blood lipids, glucose and appetite hormones, and cognitive function and mood states.

Studieoversigt

Status

Afsluttet

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Detaljeret beskrivelse

Traditionally, a high carbohydrate diet is recommended for elite endurance athletes and sub-elite, highly trained recreational athletes competing in endurance events. However, recently the ketogenic diet (extremely low carbohydrate content) has become popular in these populations. The effect on endurance exercise performance, energy expenditure, postprandial blood profiles, and cognitive function and mood states requires further investigation.

In this study, highly trained recreational cyclists and triathletes will adhere to each diet (high-carbohydrate and ketogenic) for 14 days in a crossover design. Experimental trials at baseline and after each diet will evaluate endurance cycling performance (time trial), resting energy expenditure, the thermic effect of food of test meals corresponding in composition to each diet, postprandial responses of blood lipids, glucose and appetite hormones, and cognitive function and mood states.

Undersøgelsestype

Interventionel

Tilmelding (Faktiske)

34

Fase

  • Ikke anvendelig

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiesteder

  • Forenede Stater
    • Texas
      • Fort Worth, Texas, Forenede Stater, 76129
        • Texas Christian University

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

18 år til 65 år (Voksen, Ældre voksen)

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ingen

Køn, der er berettiget til at studere

Alle

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • >100-150km of cycling per week
  • VO2max > 80th percentile for sex and age (adjusted for cycle ergometry)
  • apparently healthy

Exclusion Criteria:

  • weight loss supplements/medications/diet
  • extreme dietary patterns (e.g. extremely high or low carbohydrate)
  • nicotine use
  • heavy alcohol use (>7 drinks/week female; >14 drinks/week male)
  • food allergies
  • diabetes
  • heart disease
  • stroke
  • liver/kidney/thyroid disease
  • anemia
  • eating disorders
  • uncontrolled hypertension
  • pulmonary/orthopedic/musculoskeletal problems that prevent exercise
  • surgery that affects swallowing and digestion
  • claustrophobia

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

  • Primært formål: Grundvidenskab
  • Tildeling: Randomiseret
  • Interventionel model: Crossover opgave
  • Maskning: Ingen (Åben etiket)

Våben og indgreb

Deltagergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Eksperimentel: High Carbohydrate Diet
Participants will consume a high carbohydrate diet (65-75% of total energy intake). Protein intake will be standardized at 15% of total energy intake.
Andet: Diet
Participants will consume each diet for 14 days in a crossover design.
Eksperimentel: Ketogenic Diet
Participants will consume a low carbohydrate diet (<5-10% of total energy intake). Protein intake will be standardized at 15% of total energy intake.
Andet: Diet
Participants will consume each diet for 14 days in a crossover design.

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Endurance Cycling Performance
Tidsramme: 180 min after the meal begins
Time to completion in a 30-kilometer simulated time trial
180 min after the meal begins

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Respiratory Exchange Ratio
Tidsramme: Change from baseline at 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, 120 min, 150 min, 180 min, 192 min, 204 min, 216 min, 228 min and 240 min after the meal begins
Indirect calorimetry fasted, postprandial, and during exercise
Change from baseline at 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, 120 min, 150 min, 180 min, 192 min, 204 min, 216 min, 228 min and 240 min after the meal begins
Muscle Fuel Rating
Tidsramme: Change from baseline at 180 min and 240 min after the meal begins
Ultrasound echogenicity of Rectus Femoris
Change from baseline at 180 min and 240 min after the meal begins
Oxygen consumption (VO2)
Tidsramme: At 192 min, 204 min, 216 min, 228 min and 240 min after the meal begins
Indirect calorimetry during exercise
At 192 min, 204 min, 216 min, 228 min and 240 min after the meal begins
Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE)
Tidsramme: At 192 min, 204 min, 216 min, 228 min and 240 min after the meal begins
6-20 Borg's scale during exercise
At 192 min, 204 min, 216 min, 228 min and 240 min after the meal begins
Thermic Effect of Food (postprandial energy expenditure)
Tidsramme: Change from baseline at 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, 120 min, 150 min, 180 min after the meal begins
Fasted vs. postprandial indirect calorimetry
Change from baseline at 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, 120 min, 150 min, 180 min after the meal begins
Subjective appetite ratings
Tidsramme: Change from baseline at 60 min, 120 min, 180 min after the meal begins
Visual Analog Scale (Scale 1: Perception of Hunger [0-100 mm]; Scale 2: Perception of Fullness [0-100 mm]; Scale 3: Desire to Eat [0-100 mm]
Change from baseline at 60 min, 120 min, 180 min after the meal begins
Appetite hormones including ghrelin, leptin, insulin, and Peptide-YY
Tidsramme: Change from baseline at 30 min, 60 min, 120 min, 180 min and 240 min
Fasted, postprandial & post exercise blood concentration of appetite hormones
Change from baseline at 30 min, 60 min, 120 min, 180 min and 240 min
Blood glucose
Tidsramme: Change from baseline at 180 min and 240 min after the meal begins; on day 7 of each diet
Fasted, postprandial & post exercise blood concentration of glucose
Change from baseline at 180 min and 240 min after the meal begins; on day 7 of each diet
Blood pressure
Tidsramme: Change from baseline at 180 min after the meal begins
Fasted, postprandial & post exercise
Change from baseline at 180 min after the meal begins
Cognitive function
Tidsramme: At 180 min and 240 min after the meal begins
Stroop test
At 180 min and 240 min after the meal begins
Mood state questionnaire
Tidsramme: At 180 min and 240 min after the meal begins
Abbreviated Profile of Mood States; 40-item scale; Likert scale from 0 = "not at all" to 4 = "extremely"
At 180 min and 240 min after the meal begins
Resting Metabolic Rate
Tidsramme: At baseline before meal begins
Indirect calorimetry in fasted state
At baseline before meal begins
Blood lipids including (triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein)
Tidsramme: Change from baseline at 30 min, 60 min, 120 min, 180 min, 192 min, 204 min, 216 min, 228 min and 240 min after the meal begins
Fasted and postprandial in mg/dL
Change from baseline at 30 min, 60 min, 120 min, 180 min, 192 min, 204 min, 216 min, 228 min and 240 min after the meal begins

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.

Sponsor

Texas Christian University

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Faktiske)

11. november 2019

Primær færdiggørelse (Faktiske)

30. marts 2020

Studieafslutning (Faktiske)

30. marts 2020

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

17. september 2019

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

18. september 2019

Først opslået (Faktiske)

20. september 2019

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

5. oktober 2021

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

4. oktober 2021

Sidst verificeret

1. oktober 2021

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • CT2019MS3

Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)

Planlægger du at dele individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)?

Ja

IPD-planbeskrivelse

De-identified study data of all outcome variables will be shared on an Open Science Framework project page (osf.io) along with the study protocol, statistical analysis plan, and analytic code

IPD-delingstidsramme

Will become available at the latest June 2021 and be available indefinitely

IPD-delingsadgangskriterier

Openly available

IPD-deling Understøttende informationstype

  • Studieprotokol
  • Statistisk analyseplan (SAP)
  • Analytisk kode

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