From Catastrophizing to Recovery: a pilot study of a single-session treatment for pain catastrophizing

Beth D Darnall, John A Sturgeon, Ming-Chih Kao, Jennifer M Hah, Sean C Mackey, Beth D Darnall, John A Sturgeon, Ming-Chih Kao, Jennifer M Hah, Sean C Mackey

Abstract

Background: Pain catastrophizing (PC) - a pattern of negative cognitive-emotional responses to real or anticipated pain - maintains chronic pain and undermines medical treatments. Standard PC treatment involves multiple sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy. To provide efficient treatment, we developed a single-session, 2-hour class that solely treats PC entitled "From Catastrophizing to Recovery" [FCR].

Objectives: To determine 1) feasibility of FCR; 2) participant ratings for acceptability, understandability, satisfaction, and likelihood to use the information learned; and 3) preliminary efficacy of FCR for reducing PC.

Design and methods: Uncontrolled prospective pilot trial with a retrospective chart and database review component. Seventy-six patients receiving care at an outpatient pain clinic (the Stanford Pain Management Center) attended the class as free treatment and 70 attendees completed and returned an anonymous survey immediately post-class. The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) was administered at class check-in (baseline) and at 2, and 4 weeks post-treatment. Within subjects repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Student's t-test contrasts were used to compare scores across time points.

Results: All attendees who completed a baseline PCS were included as study participants (N=57; F=82%; mean age =50.2 years); PCS was completed by 46 participants at week 2 and 35 participants at week 4. Participants had significantly reduced PC at both time points (P<0001) and large effect sizes were found (Cohen's d=0.85 and d=1.15).

Conclusion: Preliminary data suggest that FCR is an acceptable and effective treatment for PC. Larger, controlled studies of longer duration are needed to determine durability of response, factors contributing to response, and the impact on pain, function and quality of life.

Keywords: chronic debilitation; chronic pain; cognitive behavioral therapy; pain psychology; pain treatment; pain treatment costs.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PCS means by time point for depression diagnosis (yes/no). Abbreviation: PCS, Pain Catastrophizing Scale.
Figure 2
Figure 2
PCS means by time point for anxiety diagnosis (yes/no). Abbreviation: PCS, Pain Catastrophizing Scale.

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