Persons with chronic hip joint pain exhibit reduced hip muscle strength

Abstract

Study design: Controlled laboratory cross-sectional study. Objectives To assess strength differences of the hip rotator and abductor muscle groups in young adults with chronic hip joint pain (CHJP) and asymptomatic controls. A secondary objective was to determine if strength in the uninvolved hip of those with unilateral CHJP differs from that in asymptomatic controls.

Background: Little is known about the relationship between hip muscle strength and CHJP in young adults.

Methods: Thirty-five participants with CHJP and 35 matched controls (18 to 40 years of age) participated. Using handheld dynamometry, strength of the hip external rotators and internal rotators was assessed with the hip flexed to 90° and 0°. To assess external rotator and internal rotator strength, the hip was placed at the end range of external rotation and internal rotation, respectively. Strength of the hip abductors was assessed in sidelying, with the hip in 15° of abduction. Break tests were performed to determine maximum muscle force, and the average torque was calculated using the corresponding moment arm. Independent-sample t tests were used to compare strength values between (1) the involved limb in participants with CHJP and the corresponding limb in the matched controls, and (2) the uninvolved limb in participants with unilateral CHJP and the corresponding limb in the matched controls.

Results: Compared to controls, participants with CHJP demonstrated weakness of 16% to 28% (P<.01) in all muscle groups tested in the involved hip. The uninvolved hip of 22 subjects with unilateral CHJP demonstrated weakness of 18% and 16% (P<.05) in the external rotators (0°) and abductors, respectively, when compared to the corresponding limb of the matched controls.

Conclusion: The results of the present study demonstrate that persons with CHJP have weakness in the hip rotator and hip abductor muscles. Weakness also was found in the uninvolved hip of persons with CHJP.

Keywords: abductor; dynamometry; external rotator; femoroacetabular impingement; internal rotator.

Conflict of interest statement

Statement of Financial Interest

The authors certify that they have no affiliations with or financial involvement in any organization or entity with a direct financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in the article.

Figures

Figure 1

Hip external rotation (ERs90°) and internal rotation (IRs90°) with hip flexed to 90°.

Figure 2

Hip external rotation (ERs0°) and internal rotation (IRs0°) with hip in neutral flexion/extension.

Figure 3

Hip abduction with the hip in neutral flexion/extension and neutral internal rotation/external rotation.