Evaluation of the relationship between macrophage migration inhibitory factor level and clinical course in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia

Alperen Aksakal, Buğra Kerget, Ferhan Kerget, Seda Aşkın, Alperen Aksakal, Buğra Kerget, Ferhan Kerget, Seda Aşkın

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic, which has ravaged our world for more than a year, still shapes our agenda with a scale of intensity that fluctuates over time. In our study, we aimed to determine the correlation between serum migration inhibitory factor (MIF) level and disease severity in COVID-19 with different prognoses. Between 15 October 2020 and 20 January 2021, 110 patients over the age of 18 who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and 40 volunteer healthcare personnel were included in our study. MIF levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In the comparison of serum MIF values in the patient and control group, it was observed that the MIF level was significantly higher in patients with both moderate and severe COVID-19 levels compared to the control group (p = 0.001, 0.001). In the comparison of serum MIF values of moderate to severe COVID-19 patients, it was observed that MIF level was higher in severe patients (p = 0.001). In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis performed to differentiate between severe and moderate COVID-19 patients with MIF levels, the area under the curve was observed as 0.78. When the cutoff value of the MIF level was taken as 4.455 ng/ml, the sensitivity was 83% and the specificity was 62%. Failure to adequately balance the pro-inflammatory cytokines synthesized in COVID-19 with anti-inflammatory effect is the most important reason for the aggravation of the disease course. Playing a role in pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis, MIF can provide important information about the disease prognosis in the early period.

Keywords: COVID-19; macrophage activation syndrome; macrophage migration inhibitory factor.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there are no conflict of interests.

© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Correlation analysis of MIF level with NLR and lymphocyte count. MIF, migration inhibitory factor; NLR, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio
Figure 2
Figure 2
ROC curve analysis of MIF level in severe and moderate COVID‐19 patients. MIF, migration inhibitory factor; ROC, receiver operating characteristic

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