Investigation of the Antihypertrophic and Antifibrotic Effects of Losartan in a Rat Model of Radiation-Induced Heart Disease
Mónika Gabriella Kovács, Zsuzsanna Z A Kovács, Zoltán Varga, Gergő Szűcs, Marah Freiwan, Katalin Farkas, Bence Kővári, Gábor Cserni, András Kriston, Ferenc Kovács, Péter Horváth, Imre Földesi, Tamás Csont, Zsuzsanna Kahán, Márta Sárközy, Mónika Gabriella Kovács, Zsuzsanna Z A Kovács, Zoltán Varga, Gergő Szűcs, Marah Freiwan, Katalin Farkas, Bence Kővári, Gábor Cserni, András Kriston, Ferenc Kovács, Péter Horváth, Imre Földesi, Tamás Csont, Zsuzsanna Kahán, Márta Sárközy
Abstract
Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is a potential late side-effect of thoracic radiotherapy resulting in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and fibrosis due to a complex pathomechanism leading to heart failure. Angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARBs), including losartan, are frequently used to control heart failure of various etiologies. Preclinical evidence is lacking on the anti-remodeling effects of ARBs in RIHD, while the results of clinical studies are controversial. We aimed at investigating the effects of losartan in a rat model of RIHD. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied in three groups: (1) control, (2) radiotherapy (RT) only, (3) RT treated with losartan (per os 10 mg/kg/day), and were followed for 1, 3, or 15 weeks. At 15 weeks post-irradiation, losartan alleviated the echocardiographic and histological signs of LVH and fibrosis and reduced the overexpression of chymase, connective tissue growth factor, and transforming growth factor-beta in the myocardium measured by qPCR; likewise, the level of the SMAD2/3 protein determined by Western blot decreased. In both RT groups, the pro-survival phospho-AKT/AKT and the phospho-ERK1,2/ERK1,2 ratios were increased at week 15. The antiremodeling effects of losartan seem to be associated with the repression of chymase and several elements of the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway in our RIHD model.
Keywords: TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway; angiotensin-II receptor blocker (ARB); chymase; diastolic dysfunction; fibrosis; heart failure; left ventricular hypertrophy; losartan; onco-cardiology; radiation-induced heart disease.
Conflict of interest statement
Single-Cell Technologies Ltd., Szeged, Hungary, developed the Biology Image Analysis Software (BIAS). P.H. is the CEO, A.K. is a software architect, and F.K. is a software engineer at Single-Cell Technologies Ltd, Szeged, Hungary.
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