Mindfulness in primary care healthcare and teaching professionals and its relationship with stress at work: a multicentric cross-sectional study

Rosa Magallón-Botaya, Luis Angel Pérula-de Torres, Juan Carlos Verdes-Montenegro Atalaya, Celia Pérula-Jiménez, Norberto Lietor-Villajos, Cruz Bartolomé-Moreno, Javier Garcia-Campayo, Herminia Moreno-Martos, Minduudd Collaborative Study Group, Luis Alberto Rodriguez, Ana Roldán-Villalobos, Elena Melús-Palazón, Francisco Javier Valverde, Nur Hachem-Salas, Leonor García-De Vinuesa, Carmen Morillo, Teresa Grande, Ronald Epstein, Luis Borau, Raquel Arias-Vega, Nur Hachem-Salas, Rosa Magallón-Botaya, Luis Angel Pérula-de Torres, Juan Carlos Verdes-Montenegro Atalaya, Celia Pérula-Jiménez, Norberto Lietor-Villajos, Cruz Bartolomé-Moreno, Javier Garcia-Campayo, Herminia Moreno-Martos, Minduudd Collaborative Study Group, Luis Alberto Rodriguez, Ana Roldán-Villalobos, Elena Melús-Palazón, Francisco Javier Valverde, Nur Hachem-Salas, Leonor García-De Vinuesa, Carmen Morillo, Teresa Grande, Ronald Epstein, Luis Borau, Raquel Arias-Vega, Nur Hachem-Salas

Abstract

Background: Work stress is a common problem among the health personnel of the Spanish National Health System. The objective of this paper is to assess the state of mindfulness among Spanish primary care providers and to evaluate its potential relationship with work stress and basic labor and sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods: Cross-sectional, multi-centric study. Primary care nurses, teachers, teaching collaborators and residents assigned to six Spanish Family Medicine/Family and Community Care Departments were invited to participate (n = 475). A template was designed in Google Forms, including sociodemographic and work-related variables. The state of mindfulness was measured with the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), while work-related stress was measured using an ordinal scale ranging from 0 to 10 points. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were carried out, as well as bivariate and multivariate statistics.

Results: The mean age of participants was 40,14 ± 13.12 (range:23-65 years); 66.9% were women, 42.5% internal medicine residents, 29.3% family physicians, and 20.2% nurses. More than half (54.5%) knew about mindfulness, with 24.0% have received training on it, and 22.5% were usual practitioners. The average level of mindfulness was 127.18 ± 15.45 (range: 89-177). The average score of stress at work was 6.00 ± 2.44; 49.9% (range: 0-10). 49.9% of participants scored 7 or more on the stress at work scale. There was an inverse correlation between the levels of mindfulness (FFMQ total score) and work-related stress (Spearman's r = - 0.155, p = 0.003). Significant relationships between the mindfulness practice and the level of mindfulness (F = 29.80, p < 0.001), as well as between the mindfulness practice and the level of work-related stress (F = 9.68, p = 0.042), were also found.

Conclusions: Levels of mindfulness in primary care health providers were in line with those levels observed in other groups of health professionals. Half of all of the primary care providers suffered from a high degree of stress. Although weak, inverse relationships were observed between levels of mindfulness and stress at work, with lower values of stress at work among those who practiced mindfulness.

Trial registration: NCT03629457 .

Keywords: Health services research; Mindfulness; Primary health care professionals; Subjective well-being; Work stress.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

References

    1. Vilà M, Cruzate C, Orfila F, Creixell J, González MP, Davins J. Burnout y trabajo en equipo en los profesionales sanitarios de Atención Primaria. Aten Primaria. 2015;47(1):25–31. doi: 10.1016/j.aprim.2014.01.008.
    1. Prieto Albino L, Robles Agüero E, Salazar Martínez LM, Daniel VE. Burnout en médicos de Atención Primaria de la provincia de Cáceres. Aten Primaria. 2002;29(5):294–302. doi: 10.1016/S0212-6567(02)70567-2.
    1. Matía Cubillo AC, Cordero Guevara J, Mediavilla Bravo J, Pereda Riguera MJ, González Castro ML, González SA. Evolución del burnout y variables asociadas en los médicos de Atención Primaria. Aten Primaria. 2012;44(9):532–539. doi: 10.1016/j.aprim.2010.05.021.
    1. Benito E, Arranz P, Cancio H. Herramientas para el autocuidado del profesional que atiende a personas que sufren. FMC. 2011;18(2):59–65.
    1. Grossman P, Niemann L, Schmidt S, et al. Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits. A metaanalysis. J Psychosom Res. 2004;57(1):35–43. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3999(03)00573-7.
    1. Fajardo A. El proceso de especialización en medicina familiar y comunitaria en España. Cambios profesionales en atención primaria en la década de 1980 Tesis Doctoral Universidad de Granada Autor: Angélica Fajardo Alcántara D.L.: Gr. 2354 – 2007 ISBN: 978-84-338-4506-1.
    1. Mascarúa-Lara E, Vázquez-Cruz E, Córdova-Soriano JA. Ansiedad y depresión en médicos residentes de la especialidad en Medicina Familiar. Aten Fam. 2014;21(2):55–57. doi: 10.22201/facmed.14058871p.2014.2.47919.
    1. García Campayo J. La práctica del «estar atento» (mindfulness) en medicina. Impacto en pacientes y profesionales. Aten Primaria. 2008;40(7):363–366. doi: 10.1157/13124130.
    1. Atanes ACM, Andreoni S, Hirayama MS, et al. Mindfulness, perceived stress, and subjective well-being: a correlational study in primary care health professionals. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015;15:303. doi: 10.1186/s12906-015-0823-0.
    1. Derksen F, Bensing J, Lagro-Janssen A. Effectiveness of empathy in general practice: a systematic review. Br J Gen Pract. 2013;63(606):76–84. doi: 10.3399/bjgp13X660814.
    1. Fuertes MC, Aranda G, Rezola N, Erramuzpe A, Palacios C, Ibañez B. Long-term effects of a mindfulness and self-compassion program with Primary Healthcare professionals. An Sist Sanit Navar. 2019;42(3):269–280. doi: 10.23938/ASSN.0718.
    1. Pérula Jiménez C, Pérula de Torres C, Pérula de Torres LA, Jiménez García C, Vaquero Abellán M. Mindfulness en enfermería de atención primaria y su relación con el estrés laboral. Nure Inv. 2017;14:86.
    1. Cebolla A, García-Palacios A, Soler J, Guillen V, Baños R, Botella C. Psychometric properties of the Spanish validation of the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) Eur J Psychiat. 2012;26(2):118–126. doi: 10.4321/S0213-61632012000200005.
    1. Martín Asuero A, Rodríguez Blanco T, Pujol-Ribera E, Berenguera A, Moix QJ. Evaluación de la efectividad de un programa de mindfulness en profesionales de atención primaria. Gac Sanit. 2013;27:521–528. doi: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2013.04.007.
    1. Boellinghaus I, Jones FW, Hutton J. The role of mindfulness and loving-kindness meditation in cultivating self-compassion and other focused concern in health care professionals. Mindfulness. 2014;5:129–138. doi: 10.1007/s12671-012-0158-6.
    1. Franco JC. Reducción de los niveles de estrés y ansiedad en médicos de atención primaria mediante la aplicación de un programa de entrenamiento en conciencia plena (mindfulness) Aten Primaria. 2010;42(11):564–570. doi: 10.1016/j.aprim.2009.10.020.
    1. Tirch DD. Mindfulness as a context for the cultivation of compassion. Int J Cogn Ther. 2010;3(2):113–123. doi: 10.1521/ijct.2010.3.2.113.
    1. Demarzo MM, Montero-Marin J, Cuijpers P, Zabaleta-del-Olmo E, Mahtani KR, Vellinga A, Vicens C, López-delHoyo Y, García-Campayo J. The efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions in primary care: a meta-analytic review. Ann Fam Med. 2015;13(6):573–582. doi: 10.1370/afm.1863.
    1. Peláez-Fernández MA. Burnout y variables asociadas en médicos de atención primaria. Aten Primaria. 2013;45(2):123–124. doi: 10.1016/j.aprim.2012.10.001.
    1. Görgens-Ekermans G, Brand T. Emotional intelligence as a moderator in the stress-burnout relationship: a questionnaire study on nurses. J Clin Nurs. 2012;21:2275–2285. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04171.x.
    1. Montero-Marín J, Zubiaga F, Cereceda M, Piva Demarzo MM, Trenc P, García-Campayo J. Burnout subtypes and absence of self-compassion in primary healthcare professionals: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2016;11(6):e0157499. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157499.
    1. Aranda G, Elcuaz MR, Fuertes C, Güeto V, Pascual P, Sainz de Murieta E. Evaluación de la efectividad de un programa de mindfulness y autocompasión para reducir el estrés y prevenir el burnout en profesionales sanitarios de atención primaria. Aten Primaria. 2018;50(3):141–150. doi: 10.1016/j.aprim.2017.03.009.
    1. Krasner MS, Epstein RM, Beckman H, Schuman AL, Chapman B, Mooney CJ, et al. Association of an educational program in mindful communication with burnout, empathy and attitudes among primary care physicians. JAMA. 2009;302:1284–1293. doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.1384.
    1. Beddoe AE, Murphy SO. Does mindfulness decrease stress and foster empathy among nursing students? J Nurs Educ. 2004;43:305–312. doi: 10.3928/01484834-20040701-07.
    1. Franco C, Mañas I, Justo E. Reducción de los niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en docentes de educación especial a través de un programa de mindfulness. Inclusive Educ J. 2009;2:11–22.
    1. León B. Atención Plena y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de enseñanza secundaria. Eur J Educ Psychol. 2008;1(3):17–26. doi: 10.30552/ejep.v1i3.11.
    1. Shapiro SL, Schwartz GE, Bonner G. The effects of mindfulness - based stress reduction on medical and pre-medical students. J Behav Med. 1998;21:581–599. doi: 10.1023/A:1018700829825.
    1. Weng H, Hung C, Liu Y, Cheng Y, Yen C, Chang C, et al. Associations between emotional intelligence and doctor burnout, job satisfaction and patient satisfaction. Med Educ. 2011;45:835–842. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.03985.x.

Source: PubMed

Sponsorer og samarbejdspartnere

Medicinske tilstande

Narkotikainterventioner

3
Abonner