A brief early intervention for adolescent depression that targets emotional mental images and memories: protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial (IMAGINE trial)

Victoria Pile, Patrick Smith, Mary Leamy, Simon E Blackwell, Richard Meiser-Stedman, Dominic Stringer, Elizabeth G Ryan, Barnaby D Dunn, Emily A Holmes, Jennifer Y F Lau, Victoria Pile, Patrick Smith, Mary Leamy, Simon E Blackwell, Richard Meiser-Stedman, Dominic Stringer, Elizabeth G Ryan, Barnaby D Dunn, Emily A Holmes, Jennifer Y F Lau

Abstract

Background: Adolescent depression is common and impairing. There is an urgent need to develop early interventions to prevent depression becoming entrenched. However, current psychological interventions are difficult to access and show limited evidence of effectiveness. Schools offer a promising setting to enhance access to interventions, including reducing common barriers such as time away from education. Distressing negative mental images and a deficit in positive future images, alongside overgeneral autobiographical memories, have been implicated in depression across the lifespan, and interventions targeting them in adults have shown promise. Here, we combine techniques targeting these cognitive processes into a novel, brief psychological intervention for adolescent depression. This feasibility randomised controlled trial will test the feasibility and acceptability of delivering this imagery-based cognitive behavioural intervention in schools.

Methods/design: Fifty-six adolescents (aged 16-18) with high symptoms of depression will be recruited from schools. Participants will be randomly allocated to the imagery-based cognitive behavioural intervention (ICBI) or the control intervention, non-directive supportive therapy (NDST). Data on feasibility and acceptability will be recorded throughout, including data on recruitment, retention and adherence rates as well as adverse events. In addition, symptom assessment will take place pre-intervention, post-intervention and at 3-month follow-up. Primarily, the trial aims to establish whether it is feasible and acceptable to carry out this project in a school setting. Secondary objectives include collecting data on clinical measures, including depression and anxiety, and measures of the mechanisms proposed to be targeted by the intervention. The acceptability of using technology in assessment and treatment will also be evaluated.

Discussion: Feasibility, acceptability and symptom data for this brief intervention will inform whether an efficacy randomised controlled trial is warranted and aid planning of this trial. If this intervention is shown in a subsequent definitive trial to be safe, clinically effective and cost-effective, it has potential to be rolled out as an intervention and so would significantly extend the range of therapies available for adolescent depression. This psychological intervention draws on cognitive mechanism research suggesting a powerful relationship between emotion and memory and uses imagery as a cognitive target in an attempt to improve interventions for adolescent depression.

Trial registration: ISRCTN85369879.

Keywords: Adolescence; Autobiographical memory; Depression; Early intervention; Mental imagery; Psychological therapy.

Conflict of interest statement

Ethical approval was obtained from the Psychiatry, Nursing and Midwifery Research Ethics Committee at Kings College London (ref: HR-16/17-3548). All participants will provide informed written consent. The trial will be conducted in compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (1996), the principles of GCP. The chief investigator will submit annual reports and a final report at conclusion of the trial to the funder.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
IMAGINE trial flowchart
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
SPIRIT figure for IMAGINE trial

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