Association of Maternal Dietary Patterns With Birth Weight and the Mediation of Gestational Weight Gain: A Prospective Birth Cohort

Yan Li, Xuezhen Zhou, Yu Zhang, Chunrong Zhong, Li Huang, Xi Chen, Renjuan Chen, Jiangyue Wu, Qian Li, Guoqiang Sun, Heng Yin, Guoping Xiong, Liping Hao, Nianhong Yang, Xuefeng Yang, Yan Li, Xuezhen Zhou, Yu Zhang, Chunrong Zhong, Li Huang, Xi Chen, Renjuan Chen, Jiangyue Wu, Qian Li, Guoqiang Sun, Heng Yin, Guoping Xiong, Liping Hao, Nianhong Yang, Xuefeng Yang

Abstract

The associations among maternal diet, birth weight, and gestational weight gain are still inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the associations between maternal dietary patterns and birth weight, and further explore whether GWG mediates these associations. A total of 3,334 pregnant women who completed a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire from the Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort were included. Dietary patterns were extracted by using principal component analysis. Regression models and mediation analyses were performed to explore the associations between dietary patterns and birth weight and the effects of GWG on these associations. Five dietary patterns were identified: "Beans-vegetables," "Fish-meat-eggs," "Nuts-whole grains," "Organ-poultry-seafood" and "Rice-wheat-fruits." Only women following the "Beans-vegetables" pattern had heavier newborns (β = 47.39; 95% CI: 12.25, 82.54). Women following the "Beans-vegetables" pattern had significantly lower GWG (β = -0.7; 95% CI: -1.15, -0.25) and had a 16% lower risk of excessive GWG and 11% higher odd of adequate GWG. The association between the "Beans-vegetables" pattern and birth weight was negatively mediated by GWG. A dietary pattern enriched in beans and vegetables is beneficial for effectively controlling GWG and increasing birth weight. GWG serves. Clinical Trial Registry: This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03099837).

Keywords: birth weight (BW); dietary patterns; gestational weight gain (GWG); mediation analysis; plant-based foods; pregnant population.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Copyright © 2021 Li, Zhou, Zhang, Zhong, Huang, Chen, Chen, Wu, Li, Sun, Yin, Xiong, Hao, Yang and Yang.

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