Impact of Cervical Sensory Feedback for Forward Head Posture on Headache Severity and Physiological Factors in Patients with Tension-type Headache: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Controlled Trial

Eunsang Lee, Seungwon Lee, Eunsang Lee, Seungwon Lee

Abstract

BACKGROUND Tension-type headache (TTH) decreases the ability to concentrate and function during daily activities in affected patients. As most patients with TTH exhibit forward head posture (FHP). Various interventions have been proposed to resolve TTH. However, research regarding the efficacy of these interventions remains lacking. The present study aimed to investigate the association between FHP and TTH, and to evaluate the efficacy of various intervention methods on headache symptoms and other clinical variables in patients with TTH induced by FHP. MATERIAL AND METHODS Participants were randomly allocated to 3 groups: biofeedback (BF, n₁=21), manual therapy (MT, n₂=20) and, stretching (ST, n₃=21). Interventions were conducted 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Craniovertebral angle (CVA), electroencephalographic findings for attention, stress, and pressure-pain threshold (PPT), headache on activities of daily living (Henry Ford Headache Disability Inventory, HDI), and quality of life (QoL) assessments were obtained pre-intervention, post-intervention, and at the 2-week follow-up. RESULTS The correlation between CVA and HDI after intervention (R²=0.324, P<0.001), and at 2-week follow-up (R²=0.115, P<0.01) are significant. BF was associated with significant improvements in CVA (F₂,₅₉=3.393, P<0.001, η^2/P=0.130), attention (F₂,₅₉=5.186, P<0.01, η^2/P=0.150), stress [skin temperature (F₂,₅₉=6.005, P<0.001, η^2/P=0.169) and skin conductance (F₂,₅₉=4.900, P<0.01, η^2/P=0.142)], PPT (F₂,₅₉=5.050, P<0.01, η^2/P=0.146), HDI (F₂,₅₉=3.303, P<0.01, η^2/P=0.101), and QoL (F₂,₅₉=3.409, P<0.05, η^2/P=0.104). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that BF was more effective than MT and ST in the treatment of TTH due to FHP. Such findings highlight the need to develop and promote a controlled exercise program to facilitate a return to normal daily activities in patients with TTH due to FHP.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart according to the CONSORTS tatement for reporting randomizedrials.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Inflatable air-filled pressure sensor (A) and position of the patients during the exercise (B). Patient-specific criteria; craniovertebral angle, <49°.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The craniovertebral angle was assessed directly from a side-view picture using a protractor and a straight edge.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Eletroencephalogram and position of electrode placement (1).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Stress measurement device and sensor: device (1), heart rate (A), skin conductance (B), skin temperature (C), and respiratory rate (D) sensor.

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