Interventions to Prevent Obesity in Mexican Children and Adolescents: Systematic Review

Magaly Aceves-Martins, Lizet López-Cruz, Marcela García-Botello, Yareni Yunuen Gutierrez-Gómez, Carlos Francisco Moreno-García, Magaly Aceves-Martins, Lizet López-Cruz, Marcela García-Botello, Yareni Yunuen Gutierrez-Gómez, Carlos Francisco Moreno-García

Abstract

The prevalence of overweight and obesity has been rising among Mexican children and adolescents in the last decades. To systematically review obesity prevention interventions delivered to Mexican children and adolescents. Thirteen databases and one search engine were searched for evidence from 1995 to 2021. Searches were done in English and Spanish to capture relevant information. Studies with experimental designs, delivered in any setting (e.g., schools or clinics) or digital domains (e.g., social media campaigns) targeting Mexican children or adolescents (≤ 18 years) and reporting weight outcomes, were included in this review. In addition, the risk of bias was appraised with the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool. Twenty-nine studies with 19,136 participants (3-17 years old) were included. The prevalence of overweight and obesity at baseline ranged from 21 to 69%. Most of the studies (89.6%) were delivered in school settings. The duration ranged from 2 days to 3 school years, and the number of sessions also varied from 2 to 200 sessions at different intensities. Overall, anthropometric changes varied across studies. Thus, the efficacy of the included studies is heterogeneous and inconclusive among studies. Current evidence is heterogeneous and inconclusive about the efficacy of interventions to prevent obesity in Mexican children and adolescents. Interventions should not be limited to educational activities and should include different components, such as multi-settings delivery, family inclusion, and longer-term implementations. Mixed-method evaluations (including robust quantitative and qualitative approaches) could provide a deeper understanding of the effectiveness and best practices.

Keywords: Adolescents; Children; Mexico; Obesity; Prevention.

Conflict of interest statement

MA-M, LL-C, MG-B, and CFMG have no conflict of interest to declare. YYGG received funding from Bonafont to present in a congress in 2016 and funding from Abbott’s company to write two books' chapters in 2020.

© 2021. The Author(s).

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
PRISMA flowchart
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Map from the origin of the included interventions

References

    1. Aburto NJ, Fulton JE, Safdie M, Duque T, Bonvecchio AJAR, Rivera JA. Effect of a school-based intervention on physical activity: Cluster-randomised trial. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2011;43:1898–1906. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318217ebec.
    1. Aceves-Martins, M. (2021a). Perspectives of the "Childhood Obesity in MexicO: evidence, challenges and opportunities" (COMO) Project. Retrieved 03 March 2021.
    1. Aceves-Martins, M., Aleman-Diaz, A. Y., Giralt, M., & Solà, R. (2019). Involving young people in health promotion, research and policy-making: practical recommendations. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 31(2), 147–53. 10.1093/intqhc/mzy113
    1. Aceves-Martins, M., Godina-Flores, N. L., Gutierrez-Gómez, Y. Y., Richards, D., López-Cruz, L., García-Botello, M., & Moreno-García, C. F. (2021b). Obesity and oral health in Mexican children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition Reviews.10.1093/nutrit/nuab088
    1. Aceves-Martins M, Llauradó E, Tarro L, Solà R, Giralt M. Obesity-promoting factors in Mexican children and adolescents: Challenges and opportunities. Global Health Action. 2016;9:29625. doi: 10.3402/gha.v9.29625.
    1. Aceves-Martins, M., Llauradó, E., Tarro, L., Moreno-García, C. F., Trujillo Escobar, T. G., Solà, R., & Giralt M. (2016b). Effectiveness of social marketing strategies to reduce youth obesity in European school-based interventions: a systematic review and metaanalysis.Nutrition Reviews, 74(5), 337–351. 10.1093/nutrit/nuw004
    1. Aceves-Martins, M., López-Cruz, L., García-Botello, M., Gutierrez-Gómez, Y. Y., & Moreno-García, C. F. (2021c). Interventions to treat obesity in mexican children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis. 10.1093/nutrit/nuab041
    1. Alvirde-García U, Rodríguez-Guerrero AJ, Henao-Morán S, Gómez-Pérez FJ, Aguilar-Salinas CA. Resultados de un programa comunitario de intervención en el estilo de vida en niños. Salud Pública De México. 2013;55:406–414.
    1. Armstrong, R., Waters, E., & Doyle., J. (2011). Reviews in public health and health promotion. Chapter 21. In: Higgins JPT, Green S, (eds). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Version 5.1.0. Updated March 2011. London, UK.
    1. Arroyo, P. E., & Carrete, L. (2018). Intervención orientada a modificar prácticas alimentarias en adolescentes mexicanos. Gerencia y Políticas de Salud, 17(35).
    1. Ash T, Agaronov A, Young T, et al. Family-based childhood obesity prevention interventions: A systematic review and quantitative content analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2017;14:113. doi: 10.1186/s12966-017-0571-2.
    1. Astudillo O. Country in Focus: Mexico's growing obesity problem. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. 2014;2:15–16. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70160-8.
    1. Bacardí-Gascon M, Jiménez-Cruz A. A six month randomised school intervention and an 18-month follow-up intervention to prevent childhood obesity in Mexican elementary schools. Nutricion Hospitalaria. 2012;27:755–762.
    1. Balas-Nakash M, Benítez-Arciniega A, Perichart-Perera O, Valdés-Ramos R, Vadillo-Ortega F. The effect of exercise on cardiovascular risk markers in Mexican school-aged children: Comparison between two structured group routines. Salud Publica De Mexico. 2010;52:398–405. doi: 10.1590/S0036-36342010000500007.
    1. Baranowski T, Cullen KW, Nicklas T, Thompson D, Baranowski J. Are current health behavioral change models helpful in guiding prevention of weight gain efforts? Obesity Research. 2003;11:23S–43S. doi: 10.1038/oby.2003.222.
    1. Benítez-Guerrero V, de Jesús Vázquez-Arámbula I, Sánchez-Gutiérrez R, Velasco-Rodríguez R, Ruiz-Bernés S, de Jesús Medina-Sánchez M. Intervención educativa en el estado nutricional y conocimiento sobre alimentación y actividad física en escolares. Revista De Enfermería Del Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social. 2016;24:37–43.
    1. Boaz, A., & Davies, H. (2019). (Eds.) What works now?: evidence-informed policy and practice. Policy Press.
    1. Bonvecchio A, Théodore FL, Safdie M, Duque T, Villanueva MÁ, Torres C, Rivera J. Contribution of formative research to design an environmental program for obesity prevention in schools in Mexico City. Salud Pública De México. 2014;56:139–147. doi: 10.21149/spm.v56s2.5178.
    1. Bonvecchio-Arenas A, Theodore FL, Hernández-Cordero S, Campirano-Núñez F, Islas AL, Safdie M, Rivera-Dommarco JA. La escuela como alternativa en la prevención de la obesidad: La experiencia en el sistema escolar mexicano. Revista Española De Nutrición Comunitaria. 2010;16:13–16. doi: 10.1016/S1135-3074(10)70005-3.
    1. Caballero B, Vorkoper S, Anand N, Rivera JA. Preventing childhood obesity in Latin America: An agenda for regional research and strategic partnerships. Obesity Reviews. 2017;18:3–6. doi: 10.1111/obr.12573.
    1. Caballero-García, C. R., Flores-Alatorre, J. F., Bonilla-Fernández, P., & Arenas-Monreal, L. (2017). Experiencias de promoción de la salud en escuelas de nivel primario en México. Memorias del Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (Impr.), 22–32.
    1. Cauchi D, Glonti K, Petticrew M, Knai C. Environmental components of childhood obesity prevention interventions: An overview of systematic reviews. Obesity Reviews. 2016;17:1116–1130. doi: 10.1111/obr.12441.
    1. Cespedes E, Andrade GOM, Rodríguez-Oliveros G, Perez-Cuevas R, González-Unzaga MA, Trejo AB, Taveras EM. Opportunities to strengthen childhood obesity prevention in two mexican health care settings. International Journal of Person Centered Medicine. 2012;2:496.
    1. Chavez, R. C., & Nam, E. W. (2020). School-based obesity prevention interventions in Latin America: a systematic review. Revista de Saude Publica, 54, 110. 10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054002038
    1. Colchero MA, Rivera-Dommarco J, Popkin BM, Ng SW. In Mexico, evidence of sustained consumer response two years after implementing a sugar-sweetened beverage tax. Health Affairs. 2017;36:564–571. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2016.1231.
    1. Costa-Urrutia P, Álvarez-Fariña R, Abud C, Franco-Trecu V, Esparza-Romero J, López-Morales CM, Granados J. Effect of multi-component school-based program on body mass index, cardiovascular and diabetes risks in a multi-ethnic study. BMC Pediatrics. 2019;19:1–9. doi: 10.1186/s12887-019-1787-x.
    1. Cruz-Bello P, Martínez-Garduño MD, Olivos-Rubio M, Jiménez-Vargas D, De la Cruz-Martínez A. Mejora del conocimiento y conducta alimentaria de los adolescentes con una intervención educativa basada en orientación alimentaria. Revista De Enfermería Del Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social. 2019;26(4):248–255.
    1. Elizondo-Montemayor, L., Gutiérrez, N. G., Moreno Sánchez, D. M., Monsiváis Rodríguez, F. V., Martínez, U., Nieblas, B., & Lamadrid-Zertuche, A. C. (2014). Intervención para promover hábitos saludables y reducir obesidad en adolescentes de preparatoria. Estudios Sociales (Hermosillo, Son.), 22(43), 217–239.
    1. ENSANUT [Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2018]. (2018). Presentacion de resultados. Retrieved 03 March 2021.
    1. EPHPP [Effective Public Health Practice Project]. (2010). Quality Assessment Tool For Quantitative Studies. Hamilton, ON: Effective Public Health Practice Project. Retrieved 24 June 2020
    1. Garduño-Espinosa, J., Morales-Cisneros, G., Martínez-Valverde, S., Contreras-Hernández, I., Flores-Huerta, S., Granados-García, V., & Muñoz-Hernández, O. (2008). Una mirada desde los servicios de salud a la nutrición de la niñez mexicana: III. Carga económica y en salud de la obesidad en niños mexicanos. Proyecciones de largo plazo. Boletín médico del Hospital Infantil de México, 65(1), 49–56.
    1. Gatica-Domínguez G, Moreno-Saracho JE, Cortés JD, Henao-Moran SA, Rivera JA. Condición física de escolares tras intervención educativa para prevenir obesidad infantil en Morelos, México. Salud Pública De México. 2019;61:78–85. doi: 10.21149/9389.
    1. Global Obesity Observatory. (2019). Map Overview of childhood obesity. Retrieved 03 March 2021.
    1. Gortmaker SL, Wang YC, Long MW, Giles CM, Ward ZJ, Barrett JL, Cradock AL. Three interventions that reduce childhood obesity are projected to save more than they cost to implement. Health Affairs. 2015;34:1932–1939. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0631.
    1. Green C, Auguste PE, Lloyd JL, Wyatt KM. Modelling of future outcomes to estimate the cost effectiveness of interventions related to child and adolescent overweight and obesity. The Lancet. 2012;380:S43. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60399-2.
    1. Kaufer-Horwitz M, Tolentino-Mayo L, Jauregui A, Sánchez-Bazán K, Bourges H, Martínez S, Barquera S. A front-of-pack labelling system for food and beverages for Mexico: A strategy of healthy decision-making. Salud Publica De Mexico. 2018;60:479–486. doi: 10.21149/9615.
    1. Knai, C., & McKee, M. (2010). Tackling childhood obesity: the importance of understanding the context. Journal Of Public Health, 32(4), 506–511.10.1093/pubmed/fdq019
    1. Levy, T. S., del Carmen Morales-Ruan, M., Castellanos, C. A., Coronel, A. S., Aguilar, A. J., & Humarán, I. M. G. (2012a). School environment and its relationship with obesity in the state of Mexico. The FASEB Journal. 26(suppl 629.9).
    1. Levy, T. S., Izeta, E. I. E., Ruan, C. M., Castellanos, C. A., & Coronel, A. S. (2011). Efficacy of a strategy of school children's feeding and physical activity behaviors related to overweight and obesity in Mexico. Federation of American Societies. NR,594–12.
    1. Levy TS, Ruán CM, Castellanos CA, Coronel AS, Aguilar AJ, Humarán IMG. Effectiveness of a diet and physical activity promotion strategy on the prevention of obesity in Mexican school children. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:1–13. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-152.
    1. Liu, Z., Xu, H. M., Wen, L. M. et al. (2019). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the overall effects of school-based obesity prevention interventions and effect differences by intervention components. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 16, 95. 10.1186/s12966-019-0848-8
    1. Loveman, E., Al‐Khudairy, L., Johnson, R. E., Robertson, W., Colquitt, J. L., Mead, E. L., & Rees, K. (2015). Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (12). 10.1002/14651858.CD012008
    1. Macias, M., Avila-Huerta, C., De la Roca-Chiapas, J., & Garay-Sevilla, M. (2014). PS-344 Effectiveness Of Program "5 Steps For Health" In Scholar Children In Mexico"Archives of Disease in Childhood, 99, A236. 10.1136/archdischild-2014-307384.643
    1. Martínez-Andrade GO, Cespedes EM, Rifas-Shiman SL, Romero-Quechol G, González-Unzaga MA, Benítez-Trejo MA, Gillman MW. Feasibility and impact of Creciendo Sanos, a clinic-based pilot intervention to prevent obesity among preschool children in Mexico City. BMC Pediatrics. 2014;14:1–15. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-14-77.
    1. Mejia, M. A., Coria-Navia, A., Uriegas-Mejia, G., Brown-Fraser, S., Uriegas, S. E., Martinez, M. D. J., & Sanchez, A. (2016). D-2 The Victoria Trial: a school-based health education program to reduce the risk of obesity among a high-risk population. The FASEB Journal, 31, 6411–6411. 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.641.1
    1. Morales-Ruán MDC, Shamah-Levy T, Amaya-Castellanos CI, Salazar-Coronel AA, Jiménez-Aguilar A, Amaya-Castellanos MA, Méndez-Gómez Humarán I. Effects of an intervention strategy for school children aimed at reducing overweight and obesity within the State of Mexico. Salud Pública De México. 2014;56:s113–s122. doi: 10.21149/spm.v56s2.5175.
    1. Mostert CM. Sugar-sweetened beverage tax in Mexico. Health Affairs. 2017;36:1144–1144. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0483.
    1. Mura Paroche M, Caton SJ, Vereijken CM, Weenen H, Houston-Price C. How infants and young children learn about food: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology. 2017;8:1046. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01046.
    1. OECD [Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development] (2017). Obesity Update 2017 Retrieved 01 March 2021.
    1. Ortega-Cortés R. Costos económicos de la obesidad infantil y sus consecuencias. Revista Médica Del Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social. 2014;52:8–11.
    1. Padilla-Raygoza N, Diaz-Guerrero R, Ruiz-Paloalto ML. Lifestyle intervention as a treatment for obesity among school-age-children in Celaya, Guanajuato: An experimental study. Central Asian Journal of Global Health. 2013;2:21. doi: 10.5195/cajgh.2013.21.
    1. Palacios-González B, Vadillo-Ortega F, Polo-Oteyza E, Sánchez T, Ancira-Moreno M, Romero-Hidalgo S, Antuna-Puente B. Irisin levels before and after physical activity among school-age children with different BMI: A direct relation with leptin. Obesity. 2015;23:729–732. doi: 10.1002/oby.21029.
    1. Perez-Morales, M., Bacardí-Gascón, M., & Jiménez-Cruz, A. (2011). Long-term randomized school-based intervention: effect on obesity and lifestyles in Mexico: T1: P. 039. Obesity Reviews, 12.
    1. Perichart-Perera O, Balas-Nakash M, Ortiz-Rodríguez V, Morán-Zenteno JA, Guerrero-Ortiz JL, Vadillo-Ortega F. Programa para mejorar marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular en escolares mexicanos. Salud Pública De México. 2008;50(3):218–226. doi: 10.1590/S0036-36342008000300005.
    1. Polo-Oteyza, E., Ancira-Moreno, M., Rosel-Pech, C., Sanchez-Mendoza, M. T., Salinas-Martínez, V., & Vadillo-Ortega, F. (2017). An intervention to promote physical activity in Mexican elementary school students: Building public policy to prevent noncommunicable diseases. Nutrition Reviews, 75, (suppl_1), 70–78.
    1. Ponce G, de León P, Campoy UR, Bravo AC, Rosas AM. Impacto de un programa de promoción de alimentación saludable en el IMC y en los hábitos de alimentación en alumnos de educación secundaria. Revista Iberoamericana De Las Ciencias De La Salud: RICS. 2016;5:7.
    1. PRISMA [Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses]. (2021).
    1. PROSPERO. (2021). [International prospective register of systematic reviews]. Registered on 23 October 2019,
    1. Radilla Vázquez CC, Gutiérrez Tolentino R, Vega y León, S., Radilla Vázquez, M., Coronado Herrera, M., & Muro Delgado, R. D. Intervención para el fomento del consumo de leche y productos lácteos como parte de una estrategia para la disminución del exceso de peso en adolescentes de la Ciudad de Mexico. Nutrición Hospitalaria. 2019;36:526–537.
    1. Ramírez-López, E., Grijalva-Haro, M. I., Valencia, M. E., Ponce, J. A., & Artalejo, E. (2005). Impacto de un programa de desayunos escolares en la prevalencia de obesidad y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en niños sonorenses. Salud Pública De México.
    1. Ríos-Cortázar V, Gasca-García A, Ordóñez AR, Vera ME, Franco-Martínez M, Tolentino-Mayo L. Reducción de la obesidad infantil a través del componente de nutrición de una iniciativa de Escuela Promotora de Salud. Salud Pública De México. 2013;55:431–433.
    1. Rodríguez-Ventura AL, Pelaez-Ballestas I, Sámano-Sámano R, Jimenez-Gutierrez C, Aguilar-Salinas C. Barriers to lose weight from the perspective of children with overweight/obesity and their parents: A sociocultural approach. Journal of Obesity. 2014;2014:7. doi: 10.1155/2014/575184.
    1. Rodriguez-Ventura A, Parra-Solano A, Illescas-Zárate D, Hernández-Flores M, Paredes C, Flores-Cisneros C, et al. "Sacbe", a comprehensive intervention to decrease body mass index in children with adiposity: A pilot study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018;15:2010. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15092010.
    1. Rosen L, Manor O, Engelhard D, Zucker D. In defense of the randomised controlled trial for health promotion research. American Journal of Public Health. 2006;96:1181–1186. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2004.061713.
    1. Safdie M, Cargo M, Richard L, Lévesque L. An ecological and theoretical deconstruction of a school-based obesity prevention program in Mexico. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2014;11:1–10. doi: 10.1186/s12966-014-0103-2.
    1. Safdie M, Jennings-Aburto N, Lévesque L, Janssen I, Campirano-Núñez F, López-Olmedo N, Rivera JA. Impact of a school-based intervention program on obesity risk factors in Mexican children. Salud Pública De México. 2013;55:374–387.
    1. Safdie M, Lévesque L, González-Casanova I, Salvo D, Islas A, Hernández-Cordero S, Rivera JA. Promoting healthful diet and physical activity in the Mexican school system for the prevention of obesity in children. Salud Pública De México. 2013;55:357–373.
    1. Salazar Vázquez, B. Y., Salazar Vazquez, M. A., López Gutiérrez, G., Acosta Rosales, K., Cabrales, P., Vadillo‐Ortega, F., & Schmid‐Schönbein, G. W. (2016). Control of overweight and obesity in childhood through education in meal time habits. the "good manners for a healthy future"programme. Pediatric Obesity, 11(6), 484–490. 10.1111/ijpo.12091
    1. Saucedo-Molina TDJ, Villarreal Castillo M, Oliva Macías LA, Unikel Santoncini C, Guzmán Saldaña RME. Disordered eating behaviours and sedentary lifestyle prevention among young Mexicans: A pilot study. Health Education Journal. 2018;77:872–883. doi: 10.1177/0017896918782279.
    1. Summerbell, C. D., Waters, E., Edmunds, L., Kelly, S. A., Brown, T., & Campbell, K. J. (2005). Interventions for preventing obesity in children. Cochrane Database Of Systematic Reviews, (3).
    1. Tamayo MC, Dobbs PD, Pincu Y. Family-centered interventions for treatment and prevention of childhood obesity in hispanic families: A systematic review. Journal of Community Health. 2021;46:635–643. doi: 10.1007/s10900-020-00897-7.
    1. TIDieR. (2021). Template for intervention description and replication checklist. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
    1. Vázquez PR, García RIC, De la Rosa Rodríguez C, Mata FEC, Guzmán GM. Intervención educativa nutricional por enfermería en adolescentes con obesidad y sobrepeso en una escuela pública de Ciudad Victoria. Revista Salud Pública y Nutrición. 2017;15(3):28–34.
    1. Vega, S., León, C. C. R. V., Tolentino, R. G., & Radilla, M. J. R. E. N. C. (2019). Intervención para la incentivación del consumo de verduras y frutas como estrategia para la disminución del exceso de peso en adolescentes de la Ciudad de México. Revista Española de Nutrición Comunitaria, 25(1).
    1. Vilchis-Gil J, Klünder-Klünder M, Flores-Huerta S. Effect on the metabolic biomarkers in schoolchildren after a comprehensive intervention using electronic media and in-person sessions to change lifestyles: Community trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2018;20:e44. doi: 10.2196/jmir.9052.
    1. Vilchis-Gil J, Klünder-Klünder M, Duque X, Flores-Huerta S. Decreased body mass index in schoolchildren after yearlong information sessions with parents reinforced with web and mobile phone resources: Community trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2016;18:e174. doi: 10.2196/jmir.5584.
    1. Wang Y, Lim H. The global childhood obesity epidemic and the association between socio-economic status and childhood obesity. International Review of Psychiatry. 2012;24:176–188. doi: 10.3109/09540261.2012.688195.
    1. Wang Y, Cai L, Wu Y, Wilson RF, Weston C, Fawole O, Segal J. What childhood obesity prevention programmes work? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews. 2015;16:547–565. doi: 10.1111/obr.12277.
    1. Ward DS, Welker E, Choate A, Henderson KE, Lott M, Tovar A, Wilson A, Sallis JF. Strength of obesity prevention interventions in early care and education settings: A systematic review. Preventive Medicine. 2017;95:S37–S52. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.09.033.
    1. WHO [World Health Organisation]. (2012). Population-based approaches to childhood obesity prevention. Retrieved 01 March 2021.
    1. Zacarías G, Shamah-Levy T, Elton-Puente E, Garbus P, García OP. Development of an intervention program to prevent childhood obesity targeted to Mexican mothers of school-aged children using intervention mapping and social cognitive theory. Evaluation and Program Planning. 2019;74:27–37. doi: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2019.02.008.

Source: PubMed

Sponsorer og samarbejdspartnere

Medicinske tilstande

Narkotikainterventioner

3
Abonner