The role of hospital managers in quality and patient safety: a systematic review

Anam Parand, Sue Dopson, Anna Renz, Charles Vincent, Anam Parand, Sue Dopson, Anna Renz, Charles Vincent

Abstract

Objectives: To review the empirical literature to identify the activities, time spent and engagement of hospital managers in quality of care.

Design: A systematic review of the literature.

Methods: A search was carried out on the databases MEDLINE, PSYCHINFO, EMBASE, HMIC. The search strategy covered three facets: management, quality of care and the hospital setting comprising medical subject headings and key terms. Reviewers screened 15,447 titles/abstracts and 423 full texts were checked against inclusion criteria. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed on 19 included articles.

Results: The majority of studies were set in the USA and investigated Board/senior level management. The most common research designs were interviews and surveys on the perceptions of managerial quality and safety practices. Managerial activities comprised strategy, culture and data-centred activities, such as driving improvement culture and promotion of quality, strategy/goal setting and providing feedback. Significant positive associations with quality included compensation attached to quality, using quality improvement measures and having a Board quality committee. However, there is an inconsistency and inadequate employment of these conditions and actions across the sample hospitals.

Conclusions: There is some evidence that managers' time spent and work can influence quality and safety clinical outcomes, processes and performance. However, there is a dearth of empirical studies, further weakened by a lack of objective outcome measures and little examination of actual actions undertaken. We present a model to summarise the conditions and activities that affect quality performance.

Keywords: HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION & MANAGEMENT; Leadership; Patient Safety; Systematic literature review.

Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Review stages based on PRISMA flow diagram.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The quality management IPO model (IPO, input process output; QI, quality improvement).

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