Within-Subject Reliability and between-Subject Variability of Oxidative Stress Markers in Saliva of Healthy Subjects: A Longitudinal Pilot Study

Iva Z Alajbeg, Ivana Lapić, Dunja Rogić, Lea Vuletić, Ana Andabak Rogulj, Davor Illeš, Dubravka Knezović Zlatarić, Tomislav Badel, Ema Vrbanović, Ivan Alajbeg, Iva Z Alajbeg, Ivana Lapić, Dunja Rogić, Lea Vuletić, Ana Andabak Rogulj, Davor Illeš, Dubravka Knezović Zlatarić, Tomislav Badel, Ema Vrbanović, Ivan Alajbeg

Abstract

The present study evaluated diurnal variations and day-to-day fluctuations of salivary oxidative stress (OS) markers in healthy adult individuals. Whole unstimulated saliva was collected at 2 time intervals over 3 consecutive days. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and uric acid (UA) were analyzed using spectrophotometric methods, while 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined using immunoassays. No significant differences for salivary OS markers between men and women were observed. For all examined OS markers, no significant day-to-day variations were demonstrated. Significant diurnal variations were found in salivary GPX, TAC and MDA levels. For SOD, TAC, GPX, and UA, good-to-moderate intraindividual coefficients of variations (CVs) were observed in more than 75% of the subjects. For MDA and 8-OHdG, intraindividual CVs > 35% were observed in 60% and 40% of the subjects, respectively. Between-subject variance was wide for all examined OS markers (CV% 30.08%-85.70%). Due to high intraindividual variability in the salivary concentrations of MDA and 8-OHdG, those markers cannot be reliably verified based on single measurements and multiple measurements over several days would provide more reliable information. Salivary SOD, TAC, GPX, and UA proved stable across three days of measurement. Trial Registration. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03029494. Registered on 2017-01-19.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Salivary glutathione peroxidase (GPX) (a), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (b), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (c), uric acid (UA) (d), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) (e), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (f) levels in female and male participants. Box plot represents individual subjects' data. Data are presented as upper value, lower value, mean, and standard deviation. Light grey represents morning measurements; dark grey represents afternoon measurement.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Intraindividual variability of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) (a), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (b), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (c), uric acid (UA) (d), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) (e), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (f).

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