Effects of α-tocopherol and β-carotene supplementation on liver cancer incidence and chronic liver disease mortality in the ATBC study

G Y Lai, S J Weinstein, P R Taylor, K A McGlynn, J Virtamo, M H Gail, D Albanes, N D Freedman, G Y Lai, S J Weinstein, P R Taylor, K A McGlynn, J Virtamo, M H Gail, D Albanes, N D Freedman

Abstract

Background: Recent data suggest the possible benefits of α-tocopherol and β-carotene supplementation on liver cancer and chronic liver disease (CLD), but the long-term trial data are limited.

Methods: We evaluated the efficacy of supplemental 50 mg day(-1) α-tocopherol and 20 mg day(-1) β-carotene on incident liver cancer and CLD mortality in a randomised trial of 29,105 Finnish male smokers, who received supplementation for 5-8 years and were followed for 16 additional years for outcomes.

Results: Supplemental α-tocopherol, β-carotene, or both, relative to placebo, did not reduce the risk of liver cancer or CLD, either overall, during the intervention or during the post-intervention period.

Conclusions: Long-term supplemental α-tocopherol or β-carotene had no effect on liver cancer or CLD mortality over 24 years of follow-up.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00342992.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Kaplan–Meier estimates of the probability of no diagnosis of liver cancer among participants randomised to α-tocopherol (AT), β-carotene (BC), combination or placebo arms.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Kaplan–Meier estimates of the probability of survival from mortality from chronic liver disease among participants randomised to α-tocopherol (AT), β-carotene (BC), combination or placebo arms.

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