Childhood obesity prevention in the women, infants, and children program: Outcomes of the MA-CORD study

Jennifer A Woo Baidal, Candace C Nelson, Meghan Perkins, Rachel Colchamiro, Peggy Leung-Strle, Jo-Ann Kwass, Steve L Gortmaker, Kirsten K Davison, Elsie M Taveras, Jennifer A Woo Baidal, Candace C Nelson, Meghan Perkins, Rachel Colchamiro, Peggy Leung-Strle, Jo-Ann Kwass, Steve L Gortmaker, Kirsten K Davison, Elsie M Taveras

Abstract

Objective: To examine the extent to which a Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) intervention improved BMI z scores and obesity-related behaviors among children age 2 to 4 years.

Methods: In two Massachusetts communities, practice changes in WIC were implemented as part of the Massachusetts Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (MA-CORD) initiative to prevent obesity among low-income children. One WIC program was the comparison. Changes in BMI z scores pre and post intervention and prevalence of obesity-related behaviors of WIC participants were assessed. Linear mixed models were used to examine BMI z score change, and logistic regression models were used to examine changes in obesity-related behaviors in each intervention site versus comparison over 2 years.

Results: WIC-enrolled children in both intervention sites (vs. comparison) had improved sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and sleep duration. Compared to the comparison WIC program (n = 626), no differences were observed in BMI z score among children in Intervention Site #1 (n = 198) or #2 (n = 637). In sensitivity analyses excluding Asian children, a small decline was observed in BMI z score (-0.08 units/y [95% confidence interval: -0.14 to -0.02], P = 0.01) in Intervention Site #2 versus comparison.

Conclusions: Among children enrolled in WIC, the MA-CORD intervention was associated with reduced prevalence of obesity risk factors in both intervention communities and a small improvement in BMI z scores in one of two intervention communities in non-Asian children.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02110615.

Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure: No conflicts of interest to disclose.

© 2017 The Obesity Society.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Participant Flow Diagram for the MA-CORD WIC Intervention Abbreviations: MA-CORD, Massachusetts Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration Study; WIC, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children
Figure 2
Figure 2
Adjusted Odds of Increase in Prevalence of Meeting Behavioral Goals among Children Age 2–4 Years Enrolled in WIC by MA-CORD Intervention Site, Compared to Control Site.a,b Abbreviations: WIC, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children; MA-CORD, Massachusetts Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration Study; SSB, sugar-sweetened beverage; TV, television. aIncludes 1,365 WIC-enrolled children age 2–4 years in 2 intervention and 1 comparison WIC sites. Intervention components are described in the Methods section. bLogistic regression models adjusted for town. Adjusted for child age, gender, and race/ethnicity

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Source: PubMed

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