Brain Stimulation in Eating Disorders: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

Philibert Duriez, Rami Bou Khalil, Yara Chamoun, Redwan Maatoug, Robertas Strumila, Maude Seneque, Philip Gorwood, Philippe Courtet, Sébastien Guillaume, Philibert Duriez, Rami Bou Khalil, Yara Chamoun, Redwan Maatoug, Robertas Strumila, Maude Seneque, Philip Gorwood, Philippe Courtet, Sébastien Guillaume

Abstract

The management of eating disorders (EDs) is still difficult and few treatments are effective. Recently, several studies have described the important contribution of non-invasive brain stimulation (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and electroconvulsive therapy) and invasive brain stimulation (deep brain stimulation and vagal nerve stimulation) for ED management. This review summarizes the available evidence supporting the use of brain stimulation in ED. All published studies on brain stimulation in ED as well as ongoing trials registered at clinicaltrials.gov were examined. Articles on neuromodulation research and perspective articles were also included. This analysis indicates that brain stimulation in EDs is still in its infancy. Literature data consist mainly of case reports, cases series, open studies, and only a few randomized controlled trials. Consequently, the evidence supporting the use of brain stimulation in EDs remains weak. Finally, this review discusses future directions in this research domain (e.g., sites of modulation, how to enhance neuromodulation efficacy, personalized protocols).

Keywords: anorexia; binge eating disorders; bulimia; deep brain stimulation; rTMS; treatment.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Overview of main neuromodulation targets in eating disorders. Schematic coronal section of right brain and front view of left brain. DBS: deep brain stimulation; rTMS: repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; tDCS: transcranial direct current stimulation; OCD: obsessive-compulsive disorder.

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