Staining and calculus formation after 0.12% chlorhexidine rinses in plaque-free and plaque covered surfaces: a randomized trial

Fabrício Batistin Zanatta, Raquel Pippi Antoniazzi, Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing, Fabrício Batistin Zanatta, Raquel Pippi Antoniazzi, Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing

Abstract

Objectives: Studies concerning side effects of chlorhexidine as related to the presence of plaque are scarce. The purpose of this study was to compare the side effects of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) on previously plaque-free (control group) and plaque-covered surfaces (test group).

Methods: This study had a single-blind, randomized, split-mouth, 21 days-experimental gingivitis design, including 20 individuals who abandoned all mechanical plaque control methods during 25 days. After 4 days of plaque accumulation, the individuals had 2 randomized quadrants cleaned, remaining 2 quadrants with plaque-covered dental surfaces. On the fourth day, the individuals started with 0.12% CHX rinsing lasting for 21 days. Stain index intensity and extent as well as calculus formation were evaluated during the experimental period.

Results: Intergroup comparisons showed statistically higher (p<0.05) stain intensity and extent index as well as calculus formation over the study in test surfaces as compared to control surfaces. Thus, 26.19% of test surfaces presented calculus, whereas calculus was observed in 4.52% in control surfaces.

Conclusions: The presence of plaque increased 0.12% CHX side effects. These results strengthen the necessity of biofilm disruption prior to the start of CHX mouthrinses in order to reduce side effects.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00818376.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The stain sites of an anterior tooth: Body (White); Gingival (Grey); Mesial and Distal (black)
Figure 2
Figure 2
Experimental design
Figure 3
Figure 3
Mean discoloration intensity index in surfaces initially plaque-free or plaque-covered at different experimental periods * Statistically significant differences between initially plaque-free and plaque-covered surfaces (Wald test, p=0.05)
Figure 4
Figure 4
Frequency of sites with scores 1, 2 and 3 of stain extent on day 25 * Statistically significant differences between initially plaque-free and plaque-covered surfaces (Wald test, p=0.05)
Figure 5
Figure 5
Frequency of sites with presence of calculus * Statistically significant differences between initially plaque-free and plaque-covered surfaces (Wald test, p=0.05)

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