Comparison of Basal-Bolus and Premixed Insulin Regimens in Hospitalized Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Virginia Bellido, Lorena Suarez, Maria Galiana Rodriguez, Cecilia Sanchez, Marta Dieguez, Maria Riestra, Florentino Casal, Elias Delgado, Edelmiro Menendez, Guillermo E Umpierrez, Virginia Bellido, Lorena Suarez, Maria Galiana Rodriguez, Cecilia Sanchez, Marta Dieguez, Maria Riestra, Florentino Casal, Elias Delgado, Edelmiro Menendez, Guillermo E Umpierrez

Abstract

Objective: Premixed insulin is a commonly prescribed formulation for the outpatient management of patients with type 2 diabetes. The safety and efficacy of premixed insulin formulations in the hospital setting is not known.

Research design and methods: In a prospective, open-label trial, we randomized general medicine and surgery patients to receive a basal-bolus regimen with glargine once daily and glulisine before meals (n = 33) or premixed human insulin (30% regular insulin and 70% NPH insulin) twice daily (n = 39). Major outcomes included differences in daily blood glucose (BG) levels and frequency of hypoglycemic events (<70 mg/dL) between treatment groups.

Results: At the first prespecified interim analysis, the study was stopped early because of an increased frequency of hypoglycemia >50% in patients treated with premixed human insulin. A total of 64% of patients treated with premixed insulin experienced one or more episodes of hypoglycemia compared with 24% in the basal-bolus group (P < 0.001). There were no differences in mean daily BG level after the first day of insulin treatment (175 ± 32 vs. 179 ± 43 mg/dL, P = 0.64) between groups. A BG target between 80 and 180 mg/dL before meals was achieved in 55.9% of BG readings in the basal-bolus group and 54.3% of BG readings in the premixed insulin group (P = 0.23). There was no difference in the length of hospital stay or mortality between treatment groups.

Conclusions: Inpatient treatment with premixed human insulin resulted in similar glycemic control but in significantly higher frequency of hypoglycemia compared with treatment with basal-bolus insulin regimen in hospitalized patients with diabetes.

© 2015 by the American Diabetes Association. Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Difference in glycemic control between patients treated with basal-bolus and premixed insulin formulation. A: Changes in mean daily BG concentration. Day 0, randomization day. B: Differences in mean BG (in mg/dL) before and 2 h after meals.

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