Effect on Physical Activity of a Randomized Afterschool Intervention for Inner City Children in 3rd to 5th Grade

Scott E Crouter, Sarah D de Ferranti, Jessica Whiteley, Sarah K Steltz, Stavroula K Osganian, Henry A Feldman, Laura L Hayman, Scott E Crouter, Sarah D de Ferranti, Jessica Whiteley, Sarah K Steltz, Stavroula K Osganian, Henry A Feldman, Laura L Hayman

Abstract

Background: Less than 45% of U.S. children meet the 60 min·d(-1) physical activity (PA) guideline. Structured after-school PA programing is one approach to help increase activity levels. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and short-term impact of a supervised after-school PA and nutrition education program on activity levels.

Methods: Forty-two 3rd-5th graders from an inner-city school in Boston, MA were randomly assigned to a 10-wk after-school program of either: 1) weekly nutrition education, or 2) weekly nutrition education plus supervised PA 3 d·wk(-1) at a community-based center. At baseline and follow-up, PA was measured using accelerometry and fitness (VO2max) was estimated using the PACER 15-m shuttle run. Additional measures obtained were non-fasting finger stick total cholesterol (TC) and glucose levels, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (%BF), and blood pressure (BP). Values are presented as mean±SE, unless noted otherwise.

Results: Thirty-six participants completed the study (mean±SD; age 9.7±0.9 years). Participants attended >80% of the sessions. After adjusting for accelerometer wear time and other design factors, light and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) increased in the nutrition+PA group (+21.5±14.5 and +8.6±8.0 min·d(-1), respectively) and decreased in the nutrition only group (-35.2±16.3 and -16.0±9.0 min·d(-1), respectively); mean difference between groups of 56.8±21.7 min·d(-1) (light PA, p = 0.01) and 24.5±12.0 min·d(-1) (MVPA, p = 0.04). Time spent in sedentary behaviors declined in the nutrition+PA group (-14.8±20.7 min·d(-1)) and increased in the nutrition only group (+55.4±23.2 min·d(-1)); mean difference between groups of -70.2±30.9 min·d(-1) (p = 0.02). Neither group showed changes in TC, BP, WC, %BF, BMI percentile, or fitness (p>0.05).

Conclusions: The supervised afterschool community-based nutrition and PA program was well accepted and had high attendance. The changes in light PA and MVPA has potential to promote weight maintenance in inner-city elementary school children, however longer term studies with larger samples are needed.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01104038.

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1. Consort diagram.
Fig 1. Consort diagram.
Fig 2. Physical activity and sedentary behavior…
Fig 2. Physical activity and sedentary behavior as measured by accelerometry.
Adjusted means with 95% confidence interval at baseline (BL) and follow-up (FU), compared between nutrition+PA and nutrition only. Vertical axes with suppressed zero are employed to highlight changes.
Fig 3. Proportion of time spent in…
Fig 3. Proportion of time spent in sedentary behaviors and light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity (PA), as measured by accelerometry, at baseline (BL) and follow-up (FU) for the nutrition and nutrition+PA groups across all days, weekdays, and weekend days.

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