The Relationship between Quality of Life and Cognitive Functions, Anxiety and Depression among Hospitalized Elderly Patients

Özge Saraçlı, Ayşe Semra Demir Akca, Nuray Atasoy, Özde Önder, Ömer Şenormancı, İsmet Kaygisız, Levent Atik, Özge Saraçlı, Ayşe Semra Demir Akca, Nuray Atasoy, Özde Önder, Ömer Şenormancı, İsmet Kaygisız, Levent Atik

Abstract

Objective: Older people seek not only a longer life, but also a better quality of life (QOL). Our aim was to find out the relationship between QOL and socio-demographic factors, social activities, cognitive status, depression and anxiety symptoms among medically ill and hospitalized elderly people in Turkey.

Methods: Two hundred forty three patients age 65 years or older were examined. The Socio-demographic Data Survey, the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Geriatric Depression Scale-short form (GDS-15), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-Older Adults Module (WHOQOL-OLD) were applied to participants. The independent samples t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze quantitative data. Pearson's correlation and linear regression analysis were performed.

Results: The total score for QOL was significantly higher for those who saw their family members and relatives frequently rather than rarely (p=0.002), who were always busy with social activities rather than rarely or never (p<0.001), who had more years of education (p=0.003), and who were frequently exercising (p=0.023). According to linear regression analysis, the WHOQOL-OLD total score increased by 0.295 and -0.936 units, while MMSE and GDS-15 scale scores increased one unit respectively (β=0.295, t=1.979, p=0.04; β=-0.936, t=-4.881, p<0.001).

Conclusion: Cognitive disabilities, depression, and other psychiatric problems along with medical disease negatively affect the QOL of elderly patients. While performing medical assessment regarding elders, detecting and treating cognitive disabilities and depression is very valuable in improving the QOL of elderly patients.

Keywords: Aged; Cognition; Depression; Quality of Life.

References

    1. Akyol Y, Durmuş D, Doğan C, Bek Y, Cantürk F. Quality of life and level of depressive symptoms in the geriatric population. Turk J Rheumatol. 2010;25:165–173. doi: 10.5152/tjr.2010.23.
    1. Chiao CY, Lee SH, Liao WC, Yen CH, Lin YJ, Li CR, et al. Social participation and life expectancy the case of older adults in Taiwan from 1996 to 2003. Int J Gerontol. 2013;7:97–101. doi: 10.1016/j.ijge.2012.07.001.
    1. Wada T, Ishine M, Sakagami T, Kita T, Okumiya K, Mizuno K, et al. Depression, activities of daily living, and quality of life of community-dwelling elderly in three Asian countries: Indonesia, Vietnam, and Japan. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2005;41:271–280. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2005.03.003.
    1. Wlodarczyk JH, Brodaty H, Hawthorne G. The relationship between quality of life, Mini-Mental State Examination, and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2004;39:25–33. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2003.12.004.
    1. Elliott AF, McGwin G, Jr, Owsley C. Health-related quality of life and visual and cognitive impairment among nursing-home residents. Br J Ophthalmol. 2009;93:240–243. doi: 10.1136/bjo.2008.142356.
    1. Akdag B, Aslan Telci E, Cavlak U. Factors affecting cognitive function in older adults: a Turkish sample. Int J Gerontol. 2013;7:137–141. doi: 10.1016/j.ijge.2013.01.002.
    1. Helvik AS, Skancke RH, Selbaek G. Screening for depression in elderly medical inpatients from rural area of Norway: prevalence and associated factors. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010;25:150–159. doi: 10.1002/gps.2312.
    1. Helvik AS, Engedal K, Selbaek G. The quality of life and factors associated with it in the medically hospitalised elderly. Aging Ment Health. 2010;14:861–869. doi: 10.1080/13607861003801003.
    1. Demir Akca AS, Saraçlı Ö, Emre U, Atasoy N, Güdül S, Özen Barut B, et al. Relationship of cognitive functions with daily living activities, depression, anxiety and clinical variables in hospitalized elderly patients. [Turkish] Arch Neuropsychiatr. 2014;51:267–274.
    1. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12:189–198. doi: 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6.
    1. Güngen C, Ertan T, Eker E, Yaşar R, Engin F. Reliability and validity of the standardized Mini Mental State Examination in the diagnosis of mild dementia in Turkish population. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2002;13:273–281.
    1. Burke WJ, Roccaforte WH, Wengel SP. The short form of the Geriatric Depression Scale: a comparison with the 30-item form. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 1991;4:173–178. doi: 10.1177/089198879100400310.
    1. Ertan T, Bugay G, Eker E. The reliability and validity of the short version of Geriatric Depression Scale in the old Turkish population: GDS-15, GDS-10, GDS-4. 5 Ulusal Geropsikiyatri Sempozyumu; June 10–12 2004; İstanbul, Turkey. [Turkish]
    1. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56:893–897. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.56.6.893.
    1. Ulusoy M, Şahin NH, Erkmen H. Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: Psychometric properties. J Cogn Psychother. 1998;12:163–172.
    1. Power M, Quinn K, Schmidt S WHOQOL-OLD Group. Development of the WHOQOL-old module. Qual Life Res. 2005;14:2197–2214. doi: 10.1007/s11136-005-7380-9.
    1. Eser S, Saatli G, Eser E, Baydur H, Fidaner C. The reliability and validity of the Turkish Version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-Older Adults Module (WHOQOL-Old) Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2010;21:37–48.
    1. Özyurt BC, Eser E, Çoban G, Akdemir SN, Karaca İ, Karakoç Ö. The evaluation of influencing factors of “quality of life” in the elderly in Muradiye district, Manisa. Turkish J Geriatr. 2007;10:117–123.
    1. Aydın S, Karaoğlu L. The Quality of life and the influencing factors among the population over 65 living in Gaziantep city center. Turkish J Geriatr. 2012;15:424–433.
    1. Bowling A, Farquhar M, Grundy E. Associations with changes in life satisfaction among three samples of elderly people living at home. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1996;11:1077–1087. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1166(199612)11:12<1077::AID-GPS466>;2-D.
    1. Tajvar M, Arab M, Montazeri A. Determinants of health-related quality of life in elderly in Tehran, Iran. BMC Public Health. 2008;8:323. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-323.
    1. Peel NM, Bartlett HP, Marshall AL. Measuring quality of life in older people: Reliability and validity of WHOQOL-OLD. Australas J Ageing. 2007;26:162–167. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-6612.2007.00249.x.
    1. Diker J, Etiler N, Yıldız M, Şeref B. Association between cognitive status and activities of daily living, life quality and some demographic variables in older than 65. Anatolian J Psychiatry. 2001;2:79–86.
    1. Güngör Tavşanlı N, Öçelik H, Karadakovan A. Examine of quality of life of elderly indivudals suffering pain. Agri. 2013;25:93–100. doi: 10.5505/agri.2013.20082.
    1. Güler N, Akal Ç. Quality of life of elderly people aged 65 years and over living at home in Sivas, Turkey. Turkish J Geriatr. 2009;12:181–189.
    1. Tyrrell J, Paturel L, Cadec B, Capezzali E, Poussin G. Older patients undergoing dialysis treatment: cognitive functioning, depressive mood and health-related quality of life. Aging Ment Health. 2005;9:374–379. doi: 10.1080/13607860500089518.
    1. Arslantas D, Unsal A, Metintas S, Koc F, Arslantas A. Life quality and daily life activities of elderly people in rural areas, Eskişehir (Turkey) Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009;48:127–131. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2007.11.005.
    1. Kirmizioglu Y, Doğan O, Kuğu N, Akyüz G. Prevalence of anxiety disorders among elderly people. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009;24:1026–1033. doi: 10.1002/gps.2215.
    1. Barcelos-Ferreira R, Nakano EY, Steffens DC, Bottino CM. Quality of life and physical activity associated to lower prevalence of depression in community-dwelling elderly subjects from Sao Paulo. J Affect Disord. 2013;150:616–622. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.02.024.
    1. Li L, Chang HJ, Yeh HI, Hou CJ, Tsai CH, Tsai JP. Factors associated with leisure participation among the elderly living in long-term care facilities. Int J Gerontol. 2010;4:69–74. doi: 10.1016/S1873-9598(10)70026-0.
    1. Xavier FM, Ferraz MP, Marc N, Escosteguy NU, Moriguchi EH. Elderly people’s definition of quality of life. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2003;25:31–39. doi: 10.1590/S1516-44462003000100007.

Source: PubMed

Sponsorer og samarbejdspartnere

Medicinske tilstande

Narkotikainterventioner

3
Abonner