Associations of lipoprotein particle profile and objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in schoolchildren: a prospective cohort study

Paul Remy Jones, Tarja Rajalahti, Geir Kåre Resaland, Eivind Aadland, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Sigmund Alfred Anderssen, Tone Frost Bathen, Trygve Andreassen, Olav Martin Kvalheim, Ulf Ekelund, Paul Remy Jones, Tarja Rajalahti, Geir Kåre Resaland, Eivind Aadland, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Sigmund Alfred Anderssen, Tone Frost Bathen, Trygve Andreassen, Olav Martin Kvalheim, Ulf Ekelund

Abstract

Background: Our understanding of the mechanisms through which physical activity might benefit lipoprotein metabolism is inadequate. Here we characterise the continuous associations between physical activity of different intensities, sedentary time, and a comprehensive lipoprotein particle profile.

Methods: Our cohort included 762 fifth grade (mean [SD] age = 10.0 [0.3] y) Norwegian schoolchildren (49.6% girls) measured on two separate occasions across one school year. We used targeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy to produce 57 lipoprotein measures from fasted blood serum samples. The children wore accelerometers for seven consecutive days to record time spent in light-, moderate-, and vigorous-intensity physical activity, and sedentary time. We used separate multivariable linear regression models to analyse associations between the device-measured activity variables-modelled both prospectively (baseline value) and as change scores (follow-up minus baseline value)-and each lipoprotein measure at follow-up.

Results: Higher baseline levels of moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity physical activity were associated with a favourable lipoprotein particle profile at follow-up. The strongest associations were with the larger subclasses of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Sedentary time was associated with an unfavourable lipoprotein particle profile, the pattern of associations being the inverse of those in the moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity physical activity analyses. The associations with light-intensity physical activity were more modest; those of the change models were weak.

Conclusion: We provide evidence of a prospective association between time spent active or sedentary and lipoprotein metabolism in schoolchildren. Change in activity levels across the school year is of limited influence in our young, healthy cohort.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov , # NCT02132494 . Registered 7th April 2014.

Keywords: Epidemiology; Lipoproteins; Metabolism; Physical activity; Sedentary time.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there are no competing interests.

© 2022. The Author(s).

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow of participants through the study indicating number of children that had valid data available. The final analytical sample included those children that had valid data for all baseline variables and blood samples at follow-up
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Associations between baseline vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA) and follow-up lipoprotein measures. The association magnitudes are the standardised unit difference in lipoprotein measure per SD unit increment in activity. The models are adjusted for baseline values of accelerometer wear time, age, lipoprotein measure, parents’ education, sex, sexual maturity, and waist circumference. Cluster-robust standard errors were calculated, clustered on the school variable. Filled circles are p <0.01. Error bars are 95% confidence intervals. Abbreviations: CM = chylomicron; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; SD = standard deviation; VLDL = very low-density lipoprotein; -C = cholesterol; -L = large; -M = medium; -S = small; -TG = triglycerides; -VL = very large; -VS = very small
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Associations between baseline moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) and follow-up lipoprotein measures. The association magnitudes are the standardised unit difference in lipoprotein measure per SD unit increment in activity. The models are adjusted for baseline values of accelerometer wear time, age, lipoprotein measure, parents’ education, sex, sexual maturity, and waist circumference. Cluster-robust standard errors were calculated, clustered on the school variable. Filled circles are p <0.01. Error bars are 95% confidence intervals. Abbreviations: CM = chylomicron; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; SD = standard deviation; VLDL = very low-density lipoprotein; -C = cholesterol; -L = large; -M = medium; -S = small; -TG = triglycerides; -VL = very large; -VS = very small
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Associations between baseline light-intensity physical activity (LPA) and follow-up lipoprotein measures. The association magnitudes are the standardised unit difference in lipoprotein measure per SD unit increment in activity. The models are adjusted for baseline values of accelerometer wear time, age, lipoprotein measure, parents’ education, sex, sexual maturity, and waist circumference. Cluster-robust standard errors were calculated, clustered on the school variable. Filled circles are p <0.01. Error bars are 95% confidence intervals. Abbreviations: CM = chylomicron; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; SD = standard deviation; VLDL = very low-density lipoprotein; -C = cholesterol; -L = large; -M = medium; -S = small; -TG = triglycerides; -VL = very large; -VS = very small
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Associations between baseline sedentary time and follow-up lipoprotein measures. The association magnitudes are the standardised unit difference in lipoprotein measure per SD unit increment in activity. The models are adjusted for baseline values of accelerometer wear time, age, lipoprotein measure, parents’ education, sex, sexual maturity, and waist circumference. Cluster-robust standard errors were calculated, clustered on the school variable. Filled circles are p <0.01. Error bars are 95% confidence intervals. Abbreviations: CM = chylomicron; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; SD = standard deviation; VLDL = very low-density lipoprotein; -C = cholesterol; -L = large; -M = medium; -S = small; -TG = triglycerides; -VL = very large; -VS = very small

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