Comparison of community and clinic-based blood pressure measurements: A cross-sectional study from Haiti

Caleigh E Smith, Miranda Metz, Jean Lookens Pierre, Vanessa Rouzier, Lily D Yan, Rodney Sufra, Eliezer Dade, Fabyola Preval, Wilson Ariste, Vanessa Rivera, Olga Tymejczyk, Rob Peck, Serena Koenig, Marie Marcelle Deschamps, William Pape, Margaret L McNairy, Caleigh E Smith, Miranda Metz, Jean Lookens Pierre, Vanessa Rouzier, Lily D Yan, Rodney Sufra, Eliezer Dade, Fabyola Preval, Wilson Ariste, Vanessa Rivera, Olga Tymejczyk, Rob Peck, Serena Koenig, Marie Marcelle Deschamps, William Pape, Margaret L McNairy

Abstract

Hypertension (HTN) is the leading modifiable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor in low and middle-income countries, and accurate and accessible blood pressure (BP) measurement is essential for identifying persons at risk. Given the convenience and increased use of community BP screening programs in low-income settings, we compared community and clinic BP measurements for participants in the Haiti CVD Cohort Study to determine the concordance of these two measurements. Participants were recruited using multistage random sampling from March 2019 to August 2021. HTN was defined as systolic BP (SBP) ≥ 140mmHg, diastolic BP (DBP) ≥ 90mmHg or taking antihypertensives according to WHO guidelines. Factors associated with concordance versus discordance of community and clinic BP measurements were assessed with multivariable Poisson regressions. Among 2,123 participants, median age was 41 years and 62% were female. Pearson correlation coefficients for clinic versus community SBP and DBP were 0.78 and 0.77, respectively. Using community BP measurements, 36% of participants screened positive for HTN compared with 30% using clinic BPs. The majority of participants had concordant measurements of normotension (59%) or HTN (26%) across both settings, with 4% having isolated elevated clinic BP (≥140/90 in clinic with normal community BP) and 10% with isolated elevated community BP (≥140/90 in community with normal clinic BP). These results underscore community BP measurements as a feasible and accurate way to increase HTN screening and estimate HTN prevalence for vulnerable populations with barriers to clinic access.

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1. Correlation of systolic and diastolic…
Fig 1. Correlation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in mmHg in the clinic versus community measurement (N = 2123).
The line represents the linear regression between clinic and community BP.
Fig 2. Difference in systolic and diastolic…
Fig 2. Difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between a participant’s clinic and community measurements (N = 2123).
Fig 3. Classification of blood pressure status…
Fig 3. Classification of blood pressure status categorization according to clinic and community measurements (N = 2123).
Concordant Normotension: BP

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