Cocaine-induced acute myocardial infarction

Shereif H Rezkalla, Robert A Kloner, Shereif H Rezkalla, Robert A Kloner

Abstract

Acute myocardial infarction may occur following cocaine use. Cocaine-induced infarction is particularly common in younger patients aged 18 to 45 years old. Patients may or may not have angiographic evidence of coronary artery disease at the time of their acute event. Previous studies have shown that coronary artery spasm occurs with cocaine use, and perhaps platelet activation, both contributing to a process that may culminate in coronary artery occlusion. Primary coronary intervention should be the preferred revascularization modality by an experienced team. Thrombolytic therapy needs to be instituted if this intervention is unavailable. Beta blockers should be utilized with caution since they may increase coronary spasm or cause a paradoxical rise in blood pressure. They should be avoided in the early hours of the infarction, but be instituted prior to patient discharge. Interruption of cocaine abuse is the cornerstone of secondary prevention in cocaine-related myocardial infarction.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Mechanism of cocaine-induced myocardial infarction. Arteries with or without coronary artery disease will have spasm and increased platelet aggregation. The associated increase in blood pressure and heart rate adds insult to the injury.

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