Gamma oscillations weaken with age in healthy elderly in human EEG
Dinavahi V P S Murty, Keerthana Manikandan, Wupadrasta Santosh Kumar, Ranjini Garani Ramesh, Simran Purokayastha, Mahendra Javali, Naren Prahalada Rao, Supratim Ray, Dinavahi V P S Murty, Keerthana Manikandan, Wupadrasta Santosh Kumar, Ranjini Garani Ramesh, Simran Purokayastha, Mahendra Javali, Naren Prahalada Rao, Supratim Ray
Abstract
Gamma rhythms (~20-70 Hz) are abnormal in mental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia in humans, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) models in rodents. However, the effect of normal aging on these oscillations is unknown, especially for elderly subjects in whom AD is most prevalent. In a first large-scale (236 subjects; 104 females) electroencephalogram (EEG) study on gamma oscillations in elderly subjects (aged 50-88 years), we presented full-screen visual Cartesian gratings that induced two distinct gamma oscillations (slow: 20-34 Hz and fast: 36-66 Hz). Power decreased with age for gamma, but not alpha (8-12 Hz). Reduction was more salient for fast gamma than slow. Center frequency also decreased with age for both gamma rhythms. The results were independent of microsaccades, pupillary reactivity to stimulus, and variations in power spectral density with age. Steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) at 32 Hz also reduced with age. These results are crucial for developing gamma/SSVEP-based biomarkers of cognitive decline in elderly.
Keywords: Aging; Alpha oscillations; Alzheimer’s disease; EEG; Gamma oscillations; SSVEP.
Conflict of interest statement
Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing financial interests.
Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Figures
References
- An K, Ikeda T, Yoshimura Y, Hasegawa C, Saito DN, Kumazaki H, Hirosawa T, Minabe Y, Kikuchi M. Altered gamma oscillations during motor control in children with autism spectrum disorder. J Neurosci. 2018;38:7878–7886. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1229-18.2018.
- Babiloni C, Binetti G, Cassarino A, Forno GD, Percio CD, Ferreri F, Ferri R, Frisoni G, Galderisi S, Hirata K, Lanuzza B, et al. Sources of cortical rhythms in adults during physiological aging: a multicentric EEG study. Hum Brain Mapp. 2006;27:162–172. doi: 10.1002/hbm.20175.
- Butler R, Bernier PM, Mierzwinski GW, Descoteaux M, Gilbert G, Whittingstall K. Cortical distance, not cancellation, dominates inter-subject EEG gamma rhythm amplitude. Neuroimage. 2019;192:156–165. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.03.010.
- Buzsáki G, Logothetis N, Singer W. Scaling brain size, keeping timing: evolutionary preservation of brain rhythms. Neuron. 2013;80:751–764. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.10.002.
- Buzsáki G, Wang X-J. Mechanisms of gamma oscillations. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2012;35:203–225. doi: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-062111-150444.
- Cardin JA, Carlen M, Meletis K, Knoblich U, Zhang F, Deisseroth K, Tsai L-H, Moore CI. Driving fast-spiking cells induces gamma rhythm and controls sensory responses. Nature. 2009;459:663–667. doi: 10.1038/nature08002.
- Chalk M, Herrero JL, Gieselmann MA, Delicato LS, Gotthardt S, Thiele A. Attention reduces stimulus-driven gamma frequency oscillations and spike field coherence in V1. Neuron. 2010;66:114–125. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.03.013.
- Colgin LL, Denninger T, Fyhn M, Hafting T, Bonnevie T, Jensen O, Moser M-B, Moser EI. Frequency of gamma oscillations routes flow of information in the hippocampus. Nature. 2009;462:353–357. doi: 10.1038/nature08573.
- Cousijn H, Haegens S, Wallis G, Near J, Stokes MG, Harrison PJ, Nobre AC. Resting GABA and glutamate concentrations do not predict visual gamma frequency or amplitude. Proc Natl Acad Sci Unit States Am. 2014 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1321072111.
- Delorme A, Makeig S. EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis. J Neurosci Methods. 2004;134:9–21. doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009.
- Edden RAE, Muthukumaraswamy SD, Freeman TCA, Singh KD. Orientation discrimination performance is predicted by GABA concentration and gamma oscillation frequency in human primary visual cortex. J Neurosci. 2009;29:15721–15726. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4426-09.2009.
- Engbert R. Microsaccades: a microcosm for research on oculomotor control, attention, and visual perception. In: Martinez-Conde S, Macknik SL, Martinez LM, Alonso J-M, Tse PU, editors. Progress in Brain Research, Visual Perception. Elsevier; 2006. pp. 177–192.
- Gaetz W, Rhodes E, Bloy L, Blaskey L, Jackel CR, Brodkin ES, Waldman A, Embick D, Hall S, Roberts TPL. Evaluating motor cortical oscillations and age-related change in autism spectrum disorder. Neuroimage. 2020;207 doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116349. 116349.
- Gaetz W, Roberts TPL, Singh KD, Muthukumaraswamy SD. Functional and structural correlates of the aging brain: relating visual cortex (V1) gamma band responses to age-related structural change. Hum Brain Mapp. 2020;33:2035–2046. doi: 10.1002/hbm.21339.
- Gray CM, Ko€nig P, Engel AK, Singer W. Oscillatory responses in cat visual cortex exhibit inter-columnar synchronization which reflects global stimulus properties. Nature. 1989;338:334–337. doi: 10.1038/338334a0.
- Gregoriou GG, Gotts SJ, Zhou H, Desimone R. High-frequency, long-range coupling between prefrontal and visual cortex during attention. Science. 2009;324:1207–1210. doi: 10.1126/science.1171402.
- He BJ. Scale-free brain activity: past, present, and future. Trends Cognit Sci. 2014;18:480–487. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2014.04.003.
- He BJ, Zempel JM, Snyder AZ, Raichle ME. The temporal structures and functional significance of scale-free brain activity. Neuron. 2010;66:353–369. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.04.020.
- Hirano Y, Oribe N, Kanba S, Onitsuka T, Nestor PG, Spencer KM. Spontaneous gamma activity in schizophrenia. JAMA Psychiatr. 2015;72:813–821. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2642.
- Iaccarino HF, Singer AC, Martorell AJ, Rudenko A, Gao F, Gillingham TZ, Mathys H, Seo J, Kritskiy O, Abdurrob F, Adaikkan C, et al. Gamma frequency entrainment attenuates amyloid load and modifies microglia. Nature. 2016;540:230. doi: 10.1038/nature20587.
- Ishii R, Canuet L, Aoki Y, Hata M, Iwase M, Ikeda S, Nishida K, Ikeda M. Healthy and pathological brain aging: from the perspective of oscillations, functional connectivity, and signal complexity. Neuropsychobiology. 2017;75:151–161. doi: 10.1159/000486870.
- Jia X, Tanabe S, Kohn A. Gamma and the coordination of spiking activity in early visual cortex. Neuron. 2013;77:762–774. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.12.036.
- Kropotov JD. Functional Neuromarkers for Psychiatry. Elsevier; 2016. Alpha rhythms; pp. 89–105.
- Lemaitre H, Goldman AL, Sambataro F, Verchinski BA, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Weinberger DR, Mattay VS. Normal age-related brain morphometric changes: nonuniformity across cortical thickness, surface area and gray matter volume? Neurobiol Aging. 2012;33:617.e1–617.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.07.013.
- Mably AJ, Colgin LL. Gamma oscillations in cognitive disorders. Curr Opin Neurobiol Syst Neurosci. 2018;52:182–187. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.07.009.
- Mitra P, Bokil H. Observed Brain Dynamics. Oxford University Press; Oxford New York: 2008.
- Murty DVPS, Shirhatti V, Ravishankar P, Ray S. Large visual stimuli induce two distinct gamma oscillations in primate visual cortex. J Neurosci. 2018;38:2730–2744. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2270-17.2017.
- Muthukumaraswamy SD, Edden RAE, Jones DK, Swettenham JB, Singh KD. Resting GABA concentration predicts peak gamma frequency and fMRI amplitude in response to visual stimulation in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci Unit States Am. 2009;106:8356–8361. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0900728106.
- Muthukumaraswamy SD, Liley DTJ. 1/f electrophysiological spectra in resting and drug-induced states can be explained by the dynamics of multiple oscillatory relaxation processes. Neuroimage. 2018;179:582–595. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.06.068.
- Muthukumaraswamy SD, Singh KD, Swettenham JB, Jones DK. Visual gamma oscillations and evoked responses: variability, repeatability and structural MRI correlates. Neuroimage. 2010;49:3349–3357. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.11.045.
- Owsley C. Aging and vision. Vis Res. 2011;51:1610–1622. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2010.10.020. Vision Research 50th Anniversary Issue: Part 2.
- Palop JJ, Mucke L. Network abnormalities and interneuron dysfunction in Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2016;17:777–792. doi: 10.1038/nrn.2016.141.
- Pantazis D, Fang M, Qin S, Mohsenzadeh Y, Li Q, Cichy RM. Decoding the orientation of contrast edges from MEG evoked and induced responses. NeuroImage, New advances in encoding and decoding of brain signals. 2018;180:267–279. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.07.022.
- Pesaran B, Pezaris JS, Sahani M, Mitra PP, Andersen RA. Temporal structure in neuronal activity during working memory in macaque parietal cortex. Nat Neurosci. 2002;5:805–811. doi: 10.1038/nn890.
- Pinto JGA, Hornby KR, Jones DG, Murphy KM. Developmental changes in GABAergic mechanisms in human visual cortex across the lifespan. Front Cell Neurosci. 2010;4 doi: 10.3389/fncel.2010.00016.
- Podvalny E, Noy N, Harel M, Bickel S, Chechik G, Schroeder CE, Mehta AD, Tsodyks M, Malach R. A unifying principle underlying the extracellular field potential spectral responses in the human cortex. J Neurophysiol. 2015;114:505–519. doi: 10.1152/jn.00943.2014.
- Ray S, Maunsell JHR. Do gamma oscillations play a role in cerebral cortex? Trends Cognit Sci. 2015;19:78–85. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2014.12.002.
- Robson SE, Muthukumarawswamy SD, Evans CJ, Shaw A, Brealy J, Davis B, McNamara G, Perry G, Singh KD. Structural and neurochemical correlates of individual differences in gamma frequency oscillations in human visual cortex. J Anat. 2015;227:409–417. doi: 10.1111/joa.12339.
- Sahoo B, Pathak A, Deco G, Banerjee A, Roy D. Lifespan associated changes in global patterns of coherent communication. bioRxiv. 2020 doi: 10.1101/504589. 504589.
- Salat DH, Buckner RL, Snyder AZ, Greve DN, Desikan RSR, Busa E, Morris JC, Dale AM, Fischl B. Thinning of the cerebral cortex in aging. Cerebr Cortex. 2004;14:721–730. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhh032.
- Salelkar S, Ray S. Interaction between steady-state visually evoked potentials at nearby flicker frequencies. Sci Rep. 2020;10:1–16. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-62180-y.
- Sheehan TC, Sreekumar V, Inati SK, Zaghloul KA. Signal complexity of human intracranial EEG tracks successful associative-memory formation across individuals. J Neurosci. 2018;38:1744–1755. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2389-17.2017.
- Shirhatti V, Borthakur A, Ray S. Effect of reference scheme on power and phase of the local field potential. Neural Comput. 2016;28:882–913. doi: 10.1162/NECO_a_00827.
- Sohal VS, Zhang F, Yizhar O, Deisseroth K. Parvalbumin neurons and gamma rhythms enhance cortical circuit performance. Nature. 2009;459:698–702. doi: 10.1038/nature07991.
- Sumner RL, McMillan RL, Shaw AD, Singh KD, Sundram F, Muthukumaraswamy SD. Peak visual gamma frequency is modified across the healthy menstrual cycle. Hum Brain Mapp. 2018;39:3187–3202. doi: 10.1002/hbm.24069.
- Tada M, Nagai T, Kirihara K, Koike S, Suga M, Araki T, Kobayashi T, Kasai K. Differential alterations of auditory gamma oscillatory responses between preonset high-risk individuals and first-episode schizophrenia. Cerebr Cortex. 2014 doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhu278bhu278.
- Uhlhaas PJ, Singer W. What do disturbances in neural synchrony tell us about autism? Biol Psychiatr Mech Circuit Dysfunct Neurodev Disorders. 2007;62:190–191. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.05.023.
- Vaden RJ, Hutcheson NL, McCollum LA, Kentros J, Visscher KM. Older adults, unlike younger adults, do not modulate alpha power to suppress irrelevant information. Neuroimage. 2012;63:1127–1133. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.07.050.
- van Pelt S, Shumskaya E, Fries P. Cortical volume and sex influence visual gamma. Neuroimage. 2018;178:702–712. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.06.005.
- Veit J, Hakim R, Jadi MP, Sejnowski TJ, Adesnik H. Cortical gamma band synchronization through somatostatin interneurons. Nat Neurosci. 2017;20:951–959. doi: 10.1038/nn.4562.
- Verret L, Mann EO, Hang GB, Barth AMI, Cobos I, Ho K, Devidze N, Masliah E, Kreitzer AC, Mody I, Mucke L, et al. Inhibitory interneuron deficit links altered network activity and cognitive dysfunction in alzheimer model. Cell. 2012;149:708–721. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.02.046.
- Voytek B, Kramer MA, Case J, Lepage KQ, Tempesta ZR, Knight RT, Gazzaley A. Age-related changes in 1/f neural electrophysiological noise. J Neurosci. 2015;35:13257–13265. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2332-14.2015.
- Whitham EM, Lewis T, Pope KJ, Fitzgibbon SP, Clark CR, Loveless S, DeLosAngeles D, Wallace AK, Broberg M, Willoughby JO. Thinking activates EMG in scalp electrical recordings. Clin Neurophysiol. 2008;119:1166–1175. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.01.024.
- Wilson TW, Rojas DC, Reite ML, Teale PD, Rogers SJ. Children and adolescents with autism exhibit reduced MEG steady-state gamma responses. Biol Psychiatr Mech Circuit Dysfunct Neurodev Disorders. 2007;62:192–197. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.07.002.
- Yuval-Greenberg S, Tomer O, Keren AS, Nelken I, Deouell LY. Transient induced gamma-band response in EEG as a manifestation of miniature saccades. Neuron. 2008;58:429–441. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.03.027.
Source: PubMed