The effect of cam FAI on hip and pelvic motion during maximum squat

Abstract

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) causes abnormal contact at the anterosuperior aspect of the acetabulum in activities requiring a large hip range of motion (ROM). We addressed the following questions in this study: (1) Does FAI affect the motions of the hip and pelvis during a maximal depth squat? (2) Does FAI decrease maximal normalized squat depth? We measured the effect of cam FAI on the 3-D motion of the hip and pelvis during a maximal depth squat as compared with a healthy control group. Fifteen participants diagnosed with cam FAI and 11 matched control participants performed unloaded squats while 3-D motion analysis was collected. Patients with FAI had no differences in hip motion during squatting but had decreased sagittal pelvic range of motion compared to the control group (14.7 +/- 8.4 degrees versus 24.2 +/- 6.8 degrees , respectively). The FAI group also could not squat as low as the control group (41.5 +/- 12.5% versus 32.3 +/- 6.8% of leg length, respectively), indicating the maximal depth squat may be useful as a diagnostic exercise. Limited sagittal pelvic ROM in FAI patients may contribute to their decreased squatting depth, and could represent a factor amongst others in the pathomechanics of FAI.

Figures

Fig. 1

An instrumented participant performs a maximal depth squat with feet positioned in front of the height-adjustable bench, which is lowered to 1/3 tibial height.

Fig. 2

Mean pelvic pitch of the control group (solid line) and FAI group (dotted line) was plotted during maximal depth squat with vertical lines representing standard deviation. The control group had a higher range of pelvic pitch (p = 0.005) than the FAI group.