Trends of the prevalence and incidence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Korea: A nationwide population-based cohort study

Inki Moon, Seo-Young Lee, Hyung-Kwan Kim, Kyung-Do Han, Soongu Kwak, Minkwan Kim, Hyun-Jung Lee, In-Chang Hwang, Heesun Lee, Jun-Bean Park, Yeonyee E Yoon, Yong-Jin Kim, Goo-Yeong Cho, Inki Moon, Seo-Young Lee, Hyung-Kwan Kim, Kyung-Do Han, Soongu Kwak, Minkwan Kim, Hyun-Jung Lee, In-Chang Hwang, Heesun Lee, Jun-Bean Park, Yeonyee E Yoon, Yong-Jin Kim, Goo-Yeong Cho

Abstract

Temporal trends of the prevalence and incidence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have not been well established in Asian populations. Using the Korean National Health Insurance Services database, we identified patients with a confirmed diagnosis of HCM between 2010 and 2016. The annual prevalence and incidence of HCM, and their clinical characteristics were investigated. The prevalence of HCM has increased from 0.016% (n = 6313) in 2010 to 0.031% (n = 13,035) in 2016. During a 7-year period, 13,229 patients were newly diagnosed with HCM. The incidence rate increased from 4.15 (per 100,000 person-years) in 2010 to 5.6 in 2016. The prevalence and incidence of HCM increased with age and peaked during the 70s, with male predominance in all age groups. Chest pain is the most frequent clinical presentation followed by shortness of breath and syncope. Hypertension and dyslipidemia were the two most common comorbidities. Heart failure and atrial fibrillation was diagnosed in about 1/3 and 1/4 of patients with HCM, respectively. The prevalence and incidence of HCM gradually increased from 2010 to 2016, possibly due to heightened recognition of the disease. Given the progressively high incidence of HCM with age and high prevalence of coexisting modifiable risk factors, continued efforts are required to increase awareness regarding HCM-related symptoms and potential complications.

Conflict of interest statement

Prof. Hyung-Kwan Kim (HK-K) reports research grants from Actelion, GSK, Handok Pharm, Dae-Woong Pharm, Yuhan, Hanmi, ChongKunDang Pharm and Norvatis. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. The remaining authors have nothing to disclose.

Figures

Fig 1. The prevalence of HCM from…
Fig 1. The prevalence of HCM from 2010 to 2016.
A. Temporal trend of the prevalence of HCM stratified by gender. B. Age-stratified temporal trend of HCM prevalence. HCM = hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Fig 2. The incidence of HCM from…
Fig 2. The incidence of HCM from 2010 to 2016.
Temporal trend of the incidence rate of HCM stratified by gender. HCM = hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Fig 3. Age distribution of the newly-diagnosed…
Fig 3. Age distribution of the newly-diagnosed HCM cohort by gender.
HCM = hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

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