The Effect of Antioxidant Supplementation in Patients with Tinnitus and Normal Hearing or Hearing Loss: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial

Anna I Petridou, Eleftheria T Zagora, Petros Petridis, George S Korres, Maria Gazouli, Ioannis Xenelis, Efthymios Kyrodimos, Georgia Kontothanasi, Andriana C Kaliora, Anna I Petridou, Eleftheria T Zagora, Petros Petridis, George S Korres, Maria Gazouli, Ioannis Xenelis, Efthymios Kyrodimos, Georgia Kontothanasi, Andriana C Kaliora

Abstract

Tinnitus is the perception of sound in the absence of any external stimulus. Oxidative stress is possibly involved in its pathogenesis and a variety of antioxidant compounds have been studied as potential treatment approaches. The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of antioxidant supplementation in tinnitus patients. This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Patients (N = 70) were randomly allocated to antioxidant supplementation (N = 35) or to placebo (N = 35) for a total of 3 months. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical, and nutritional data were collected. Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidized LDL (oxLDL), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), tinnitus loudness, frequency, and minimum masking level (MML), and scores in Tinnitus Handicap Inventory questionnaire (THI), Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were evaluated at baseline and follow-up. Tinnitus loudness and MML significantly decreased from baseline to post measure (p < 0.001) only in the antioxidant group, the overall change being significantly different between the two groups post-intervention (p < 0.001). THI and VAS decreased only in the antioxidant group. Differences in changes in serum TAC, SOD, and oxLDL post-intervention were insignificant. In conclusion, antioxidant therapy seems to reduce the subjective discomfort and tinnitus intensity in tinnitus patients.

Keywords: a-lipoic acid; antioxidant supplementation; multi-vitamin supplement; oxidative stress; tinnitus.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Tinnitus loudness (db) is displayed as box plots for each group at baseline and at follow-up. The line inside the box represents the median and the box portion of the box plot is defined by two lines at the 25th percentile and 75th percentile. Circles denote outliers.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Tinnitus frequency (Hz) is displayed as box plots for each group at baseline and at follow-up. The line inside the box represents the median and the box portion of the box plot is defined by two lines at the 25th percentile and 75th percentile.
Figure 3
Figure 3
MML (db) is displayed as box plots for each group at baseline and at follow-up. The line inside the box represents the median and the box portion of the box plot is defined by two lines at the 25th percentile and 75th percentile.
Figure 4
Figure 4
THI is displayed as box plots for each group at baseline and at follow-up. The line inside the box represents the median and the box portion of the box plot is defined by two lines at the 25th percentile and 75th percentile. Circles denote outliers.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Pure-tone thresholds in the frequency range from 250 to 12,000 Hz (dB HL) are displayed as box plots for each frequency in the placebo group at baseline and at follow-up. The line inside the box represents the median and the box portion of the box plot is defined by two lines at the 25th percentile and 75th percentile. Circles denote outliers and asterisks denote extreme values.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Pure-tone thresholds in the frequency range from 250 to 12,000 Hz (dB HL) are displayed as box plots for each frequency in the antioxidant group at baseline and at follow-up. The line inside the box represents the median and the box portion of the box plot is defined by two lines at the 25th percentile and 75th percentile. Circles denote outliers.

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