Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports: the HYENA study

Lars Jarup, Wolfgang Babisch, Danny Houthuijs, Göran Pershagen, Klea Katsouyanni, Ennio Cadum, Marie-Louise Dudley, Pauline Savigny, Ingeburg Seiffert, Wim Swart, Oscar Breugelmans, Gösta Bluhm, Jenny Selander, Alexandros Haralabidis, Konstantina Dimakopoulou, Panayota Sourtzi, Manolis Velonakis, Federica Vigna-Taglianti, HYENA study team, Maria Chiara Antoniotti, Ageliki Athanasopoulou, Giorgio Barbaglia, Alessandro Borgini, Elli Davou, Matteo Giampaolo, Jessica Kwekkeboom, Birgitta Ohlander, Salvatore Pisani, Joy Read, Yousouf Soogun, Yvonne Tan, Eva Thunberg, Gabriele Wölke, Venetia Velonakis, Yannis Zahos, Lars Jarup, Wolfgang Babisch, Danny Houthuijs, Göran Pershagen, Klea Katsouyanni, Ennio Cadum, Marie-Louise Dudley, Pauline Savigny, Ingeburg Seiffert, Wim Swart, Oscar Breugelmans, Gösta Bluhm, Jenny Selander, Alexandros Haralabidis, Konstantina Dimakopoulou, Panayota Sourtzi, Manolis Velonakis, Federica Vigna-Taglianti, HYENA study team, Maria Chiara Antoniotti, Ageliki Athanasopoulou, Giorgio Barbaglia, Alessandro Borgini, Elli Davou, Matteo Giampaolo, Jessica Kwekkeboom, Birgitta Ohlander, Salvatore Pisani, Joy Read, Yousouf Soogun, Yvonne Tan, Eva Thunberg, Gabriele Wölke, Venetia Velonakis, Yannis Zahos

Abstract

Background: An increasing number of people are exposed to aircraft and road traffic noise. Hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and even a small contribution in risk from environmental factors may have a major impact on public health.

Objectives: The HYENA (Hypertension and Exposure to Noise near Airports) study aimed to assess the relations between noise from aircraft or road traffic near airports and the risk of hypertension.

Methods: We measured blood pressure and collected data on health, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors, including diet and physical activity, via questionnaire at home visits for 4,861 persons 45-70 years of age, who had lived at least 5 years near any of six major European airports. We assessed noise exposure using detailed models with a resolution of 1 dB (5 dB for United Kingdom road traffic noise), and a spatial resolution of 250 x 250 m for aircraft and 10 x 10 m for road traffic noise.

Results: We found significant exposure-response relationships between night-time aircraft as well as average daily road traffic noise exposure and risk of hypertension after adjustment for major confounders. For night-time aircraft noise, a 10-dB increase in exposure was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.14 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.29]. The exposure-response relationships were similar for road traffic noise and stronger for men with an OR of 1.54 (95% CI, 0.99-2.40) in the highest exposure category (> 65 dB; p(trend) = 0.008).

Conclusions: Our results indicate excess risks of hypertension related to long-term noise exposure, primarily for night-time aircraft noise and daily average road traffic noise.

Keywords: aircraft; blood pressure; hypertension; noise; road traffic.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
ORs of hypertension in relation to aircraft noise (5-dB categories). LAeq,16hr (A) and Lnight (B) separately included in the model. Adjusted for country, age, sex, BMI, alcohol intake, education, and exercise. The error bars denote 95% CIs for the categorical (5-dB) analysis. The unbroken and broken curves show the ORs and corresponding 95% CIs for the continuous analysis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
ORs of hypertension in women (A) and men (B) in relation to road traffic noise (LAeq,24hr, 5-dB categories) separately included in the model. Adjusted for country, age, BMI, alcohol intake, education, and exercise. The error bars denote 95% CIs for the categorical (5-dB) analysis. The unbroken and broken curves show the ORs and corresponding 95% CIs for the continuous analysis.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Forest plot showing country-specific ORs for hypertension per 10-dB increase in noise exposure, in relation to (A) Lnight and (B) LAeq,16hr aircraft noise and (C) LAeq,24hr road traffic noise.

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