Release of bone markers in immediately loaded and nonloaded dental implants: a randomized clinical trial

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the release of bone markers during osseointegration of immediately loaded and nonloaded implants. Forty patients who were indicated for rehabilitation with dental implants randomly received either implant and prosthesis placement within 72 hours (group IM) or implant insertion and no prosthesis placement (group NL). Peri-implant crevicular fluid was collected immediately after implant insertion and 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after surgery and levels of osteoprotegerin, transforming growth factors, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and parathyroid hormone were evaluated using Luminex assay. Bleeding index and peri-implantar sulcus depth were also evaluated. The data were compared using statistical tests (α = 5%). No statistical difference was found regarding demographic and clinical parameters (p > .05). Transforming growth factors, osteoprotegerin, osteopontin, and parathyroid hormone presented an earlier release peak in group IM than in NL group (p < .05). Osteocalcin achieved higher levels in group IM versus group NL between 7 and 30 days of evaluation (p < .05). It may be concluded that earlier loading positively modulates bone mediators release around immediately loaded implants when compared with nonloaded dental implants.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01909999.

Keywords: biological markers; edentulous jaws; immediate dental implant loading; implant-supported dental prosthesis; osseointegration; osteogenesis.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.

Timeline (A) and flowchart (B) of the study.

Figure 2.

Levels of transforming growth factor α (TGFα) (A), osteopontin (OPN) (B), osteocalcin (OCN) (C), parathyroid hormone (PTH) (D), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) (E) in the peri-implant fluid (pg/mL) in immediately loaded and nonloaded implants during the evaluation periods. Asterisk (*) indicates a statistically significant difference between the groups (Mann-Whitney test, p < .05); lowercase letters indicate a statistically significant difference among the periods of evaluation within each group (Friedman test, p < .05).